نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد قصرشیرین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قصرشیرین، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی اثر تنش خشکی ناشی از قطع آبیاری و عناصر ریزمغذی آهن، روی و منگنز بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی سویا آزمایشی در دو سال متوالی‌ (1394 و 1395) به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی سویا رقم M9 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کرمانشاه اجرا شد. عامل اصلی تنش خشکی (آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری در مراحل شروع گلدهی، شروع غلاف دهی و شروع دوره پر شدن دانه) و محلول‌پاشی ریزمغذی‌ها (آهن، روی، منگنز، آهن+روی، آهن+منگنز، روی+منگنز، آهن+روی+منگنز و آب مقطر (شاهد)) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. برهمکنش تنش خشکی در مرحله غلاف دهی و عدم محلول‌پاشی نانوکلات‌ها منجر به کاهش بیشتر وزن هزار دانه (30 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (34.9 درصد)، عملکرد زیست‌توده (29.5 درصد) و شاخص برداشت (7.6 درصد) نسبت به تیمار شاهد در شرایط آبیاری کامل گردید. در مقابل محلول‌پاشی آهن+روی این صفات را به ترتیب 22.9، 61.1، 46.5 و 10 درصد افزایش داد و نسبت به دیگر تیمارها برتری داشت. افت درصد روغن در اثر تنش در مرحله پر شدن دانه شدیدتر بود. کمترین درصد روغن (17.47) از ترکیب تیماری بین عدم آبیاری در مرحله پرشدن دانه و عدم محلول‌پاشی و بیشترین از ترکیب تیماری آبیاری در تمام مراحل رشد و محلول‌پاشی روی+منگنز (23.73 درصد) به دست آمد، درحالی‌که بیشترین پروتئین دانه (39.57 درصد) از تیمار عدم آبیاری در مرحله پرشدن دانه و محلول‌پاشی روی+منگنز حاصل شد. نتایج آزمایش بیانگر این موضوع بود که اثر تنش خشکی در مرحله غلاف دهی و پر شدن دانه بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سویا بیشتر است و محلول‌پاشی آهن+روی در این مراحل با تعدیل بهتر اثر تنش بالاترین عملکرد دانه را تولید نموده است. تیمار ترکیبی آبیاری در تمام مراحل رشد و محلول‌پاشی روی+منگنز از بیشترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 3704.6 کیلوگرم در هکتار برخوردار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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