نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت. جیرفت. ایران

2 استادیار پژوهشی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد. ایران

3 مربی گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور ایران

چکیده

توسعه محصولات دانه روغنی جایگزین با عملکرد دانه قابل‌قبول در شرایط خشکی و ارقام زراعی پایدار و سازگار با محدودیت‌های زیست‌محیطی برای امنیت غذایی بسیار مهم است و می‌تواند راهبردی در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی باشد. به همین منظور مطالعه‌ای با بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات برخی ارقام گیاه گلرنگ به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه جیرفت در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. آبیاری به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی در دو سطح شامل آبیاری معمول ( بر اساس ۸۰ میلی‌متر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری از مرحله گلدهی تا مرحله رسیدگی) و رقم‌ها به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی شامل سینا، پدیده، زرقان 279 و ژیلا بود. نتایج نشان داد، تنش خشکی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن و میزان کلروفیل‌ برگ شد، ولی اثر تنش بر میزان کاروتنوئید برگ معنی‌دار نشد. میزان کلروفیل در شرایط تنش خشکی کمتر از آبیاری معمول بود و رقم زرقان 279 بیشترین محتوی کلروفیل و رقم ژیلا کمترین میزان کلروفیل را داشت. عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای آبیاری در دوره گلدهی تا رسیدگی نسبت به تیمار بدون تنش ۲۰ درصد کاهش عملکرد داشت. در بین ارقام، مورد مطالعه رقم زرقان 279 بالاترین عملکرد دانه (۲۴۷۳ کیلوگرم در هکتار)، بیشترین درصد روغن (35.01)، پایداری روغن (۳۰ درصد)، بیشترین اسید اولئیک (23.4 درصد) و اسید لینولئیک (76.3 درصد) را داشـت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

Aboodeh, H., Moradi Telavat, M.R., Moshatati, A., Mousavi, S.H., 2019. Evaluation of spring safflower genotypes by using tolerance and sensitivity indices to terminal heat stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 12, 607-616. [In Persian with English Summary].
Amini, Z., Haddad, R., 2013. Role of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes against oxidative stress. Molecular and Cellular Research (Iranina Jounal of Biology). 26, 251-265. [In Persian with English Summary].
Arnon, A., 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal. 23(1), 112-121.
Arslan, B., 2007. The determination of oil content and fatty acid compositions of domestic and exotic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes and their interactions. Journal of Agronomy. 6, 415.
Berquin, I. M., Edwards, I.J., Chen, Y.Q., 2008. Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by omega-3 fatty acids. Cancer letters. 269, 363-377.
Beyyavas, V., Haliloglu, H., Copur, O., Yilmaz, A., 2011. Determination of seed yield and yield components of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars, lines and populations under the semi-arid conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10, 527-534.
Chavoushi, M., Najafi, F., Salimi, A., Angaji, S.A., 2020. Effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites of safflower under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 259, 108823.
Cruz de Carvalho, M.H., 2008. Drought stress and reactive oxygen species: production, scavenging and signaling. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 3, 156-165.
Dajue, L., Griffee, P., 2001. International safflower trials in China, India and Thailand. Sesame and Safflower Newsletter 16, 98-104.
Delkhoush, B., Shiranirad, A.H., Nourmohammadi, Gh., Darvish, F., 2006. Effect of drought stress on grain yield and chlorophyll in rapessed cultivars. Agricultural Sciences. 12, 359-368. [In Persian with English Summary].
Ebrahimian, E., Seyyedi, S.M., Bybordi, A., Damalas, C.A., 2019. Seed yield and oil quality of sunflower, safflower, and sesame under different levels of irrigation water availability. Agricultural Water Management. 218, 149-157.
Fahad, S., Bajwa, A.A., Nazir, U., Anjum, S.A., Farooq, A., Zohaib, A., Saud, S., 2017. Crop production under drought and heat stress: plant responses and management options. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8, 11-27.
Fernandez Cuesta, A., Velasco, L., Ruiz Méndez, M.V., 2014. Novel safflower oil with high γ tocopherol content has a high oxidative stability. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 116, 832-836.
Flagella, Z., Rotunno, T., Tarantino, E., Di Caterina, R., De Caro, A., 2002. Changes in seed yield and oil fatty acid composition of high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in relation to the sowing date and the water regime. European Journal of Agronomy. 17, 221-230.
García-Moreno, M.J., Fernández-Martínez, J.M., Velasco, L., Pérez-Vich, B., 2014. Characterization of a γ-tocopherol methyltransferase mutant gene in wild (Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieb.) and cultivated safflower (Carthamus. tinctorius L.). Euphytica. 200, 231-238.
Gecgel, U., Demirci, M., Esendal, E., Tasan, M., 2005. Effects of sowing dates on some physical, chemical and oxidative properties of different varieties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Proceedings of the VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul-Turkey. 6-10 June, 2005.
Hamrouni, I., Salah, H.B., Marzouk, B., 2001. Effects of water-deficit on lipids of safflower aerial parts. Phytochemistry. 58, 277-280.
He, P., Osaki, M., Takebe, M., Shinano, T., Wasaki, J., 2005. Endogenous hormones and expression of senescence-related genes in different senescent types of maize. Experimental Technology and Management. 56, 1117-1128.
Jiang, Y., Huang, B., 2001. Effects of calcium on antioxidant activities and water relations associated with heat tolerance in two cool season grasses. Journal of Experimental Botany. 52, 341-349.
Karimi, K.M., Sepehri, A., Hemati, M.H., 2010. Investigation of oil and protein content and fatty acid composition of sunflower cultivars under different irrigation conditions. Crop Production. 3, 63-80. [In Persian with English Summary].
Khajehpour, M.R., 2005. Industrial Crop Production. University Jihad. Isfahan University of Technology. Isfahan. [In Persian].
Khalili, M., Naghavi, M.R., Pour-Aboughadareh, A., 2015. Evaluation of grain yield and some of agro-morphological characters in spring safflowers genotypes under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Journal of Crop Breeding. 7, 139-148. [In Persian with English Summary].
Lichtenthaler, H.K., 1987. Chlorophyll fluorescence signatures of leaves during the autumnal chlorophyll breakdown. Journal of Plant Physiology. 131, 101-110.
Lichtenthaler, H.K., Babani, F., 2000. Detection of photosynthetic activity and water stressby imaging the red chlorophyll fluorescence. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 38, 889-895.
Liu, L., Guan, L., Yang, Y., 2016. A review of fatty acids and genetic characterization of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oil. Organic Chemistry: Current Research. 2(2), 48-52.
Lovelli, S., Perniola, M., Ferrara, A., Di Tommaso, T., 2007. Yield response factor to water (Ky) and water use efficiency of Carthamus tinctorius L. and Solanum melongena L. Agricultural Water Management. 92, 73-80.
Mittler, R., 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 7, 405-410.
Mohammadi, M., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Nasrollahzade, S., 2016. Assessment of some physiological traits in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under water stress. International Journal of Life Sciences. 10, 58-64.
Nazari, M., Mirlohi, A., Majidi, M.M., 2017. Effects of drought stress on oil characteristics of Carthamus species. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 94, 247-256.
Nogales-Delgado, S., Encinar, J.M., González, J.F., 2019. Safflower Biodiesel: Improvement of its Oxidative Stability by Using BHA and TBHQ. Energies. 12, 1940.
Omidi, A., 2011. Effect of irrigation withhold at different growth stages on grain yield and stress tolerance indices in three safflower cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 13, 116-130. [In Persian with English Summary].
Pasandi, M., Janmohammadi, M., Abasi, A., Sabaghnia, N., 2018. Oil characteristics of safflower seeds under different nutrient and moisture management. Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica. 17, 86-94.
Pourdad, S., Alizadeh, K., Azizinegad, R., Shariati, A., Eskandari, M., Khiavi, M., Nabatee, E., 2008. Study on drought resistance in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorus L.) in different lLocations. Journal of Water and Soil Science. 12, 403-415. [In Persian with English Summary].
Purdy, R.H., 1985. Oxidative stability of high oleic sunflower and safflower oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 62, 523-525.
Primomo, V.S., Falk, D.E., Ablett, G.R., Tanner, J. W., Rajcan, I., 2002. Inheritance and interaction of low palmitic and low linolenic soybean. Crop Science. 42, 31-36.
Roche, J., Mouloungui, Z., Cerny, M., Merah, O., 2019. Effect of sowing dates on fatty acids and phytosterols patterns of Carthamus tinctorius L. Applied Sciences. 9, 2839.
Sibi, M., Mirzakhani, M., Gomarian, M., 2011. Effect of water stress, taking zeolite and salicylic acid on yield and yield components of spring safflower. New Findings in Agriculture. 3, 275-290. [In Persian with English Summary].
Sio-Se Mardeh, A, Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K., Mohammadi, V., 2006. Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Research. 98, 222-229.
Smith, J., 2005. Safflower Oil. Bailey's industrial oil and fat products.
Sofo, A., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C., Masia, A., 2004. Lipoxygenase activity and proline accumulation in leaves and roots of olive trees in response to drought stress. Physiologia Plantarum. 121, 58-65.
Stránský, K., Zarevúcka, M., Wimmer, Z., 2005. Gas chromatography analysis of blackcurrant oil in relation to its stability. Food chemistry, 92, 569-573.
Taghizadeh, Y., Jalilian, J., Moghaddam, S.S., 2019. Do Fertilizers and Irrigation Disruption Change Some Physiological Traits of Safflower? Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 38, 1439–1448.