نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود
3 استاد موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج
چکیده
تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی است که رشد و تولید محصولات زراعی را محدود میکند. استفاده از مواد مغذی مانند سیلیکات پتاسیم میتواند در افزایش تولید و کیفیت آن به منظور دستیابی به عملکرد دانه، روغن و همچنین کاهش اثر نامطلوب تنش خشکی بر کلزا نقش مهمی داشته باشد. به منظور بررسی اثرات خشکی آخر فصل و محلولپاشی سیلیکات پتاسیم بر روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در ژنوتیپهای بهاره کلزا و انتخاب ژنوتیپهایی که عملکرد بیشتری در این شرایط دارند، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به مدت دو سال زراعی (96-95 و 97-96) در موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج اجرا شد. در آن آزمایش عامل آبیاری در دو سطح آبیاری معمول (شاهد) و قطع آبیاری از مرحله خورجین دهی به بعد و عامل محلولپاشی در دو سطح (محلولپاشی با چهار گرم در لیتر سیلیکاتپتاسیم و عدم محلولپاشی) به صورت فاکتوریل در کرتهای اصلی و ژنوتیپهای بهاره کلزا شامل؛ DALGAN، RGS003، RGS×OKAPI، RGS×SLM و OG×AL در کرتهای فرعی قرارگرفتند. اثر متقابل سهگانه آبیاری، محلولپاشی سیلیکات پتاسیم و ژنوتیپ نیز بر صفات تعداد خورجین در بوته، طول خورجین و درصدروغن در سطح پنج درصد و بر صفات تعداد شاخه در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، وزن هزار دانه، عملکردبیولوژیکی و عملکردروغن در سطح یک درصد معنیدار بود. طبق نتایج بدست آمده، کاربرد سیلیکاتپتاسیم (چهار گرم در لیتر) و آبیاری معمولی، بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه (5620 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکردبیولوژیکی (19787 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکردروغن (2520.7 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ژنوتیپ OG×AL تعلق داشت. همچنین در صورت کاربرد سیلیکات پتاسیم(چهار گرم در لیتر) و تنش خشکی آخر فصل، ژنوتیپهای RGS×SLM و DALGAN به ترتیب با 4124 و 4017 کیلوگرم در هکتار بالاترین عملکرددانه را داشتند.
واژه های کلیدی: سیلیکون، گیاهان روغنی، آبیاری، عملکرددانه، عملکردروغن
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