نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب. دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه بوعلی سینا. همدان
چکیده
به منظور رشد مطلوب گیاه در شرایط شور، رشد سریع و گسترده ریشه از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. به منظور بررسی سیستم ریشه‌ای و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک چهار رقم گندم نان ارگ و افق (متحمل به شوری)، تجن و مروارید (حساس به شوری) و دو رقم گندم دوروم (بهرنگ و شبرنگ)، آزمایشی گلخانه‌ای با دو سطح شوری (صفر و 150 میلی‌مولار NaCl) در لوله‌های پی وی سی به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری موجب کاهش وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه، طول ریشه‌های اصلی و مجموع طول ریشه‌ها، تعداد پنجه‌ها و پتاسیم ریشه و اندام هوایی و نسبت پتاسیم ریشه به اندام هوایی گردید و سدیم ریشه و اندام هوایی و دمای برگ را افزایش داد. شوری اثری بر رشد ریشه‌های اصلی رقم ارگ نداشت و بین این رقم و رقم شبرنگ از این نظر تحت شرایط شوری اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نگردید. اگر چه کاهش رشد ریشه‌های اصلی در رقم ارگ (5%) و شبرنگ (32%) کمتر از بقیه ارقام بود اما مجموع طول ریشه‌ها در این دو رقم بیشترین کاهش را به ترتیب به مقدار 64 و 68 درصد داشت. نتایج نشان داد در ارقام گندم طول ریشه می‌تواند برای ارزیابی تحمل به تنش شوری مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد.
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