نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی. گروه باغبانی. دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه زابل
2 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده آب‌وخاک. دانشگاه زابل
چکیده
شوری اراضی کشاورزی و محدودیت منابع آب شیرین از چالش‌های عمده کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می‌باشد که در سال‌های اخیر نیز بر شدت آن افزوده شده است. کشاورزی مبتنی بر کشت گیاهان شورپسند از جمله سالیکورنیا می‌تواند به عنوان یکی از راهبرد‌های کارآمد برای بقای کشاورزی در مناطق دارای خاک و آب شور مطرح شود. در این راستا، به منظور بررسی تأثیر کم‌آبیاری با آب شور و کاربرد کود دامی بر ویژگی‌های سالیکورنیا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زهک (در استان سیستان و بلوچستان) در سال 1397 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آبیاری مورد بررسی شامل: آبیاری کامل با آب شور (SI) به عنوان شاهد، کم آبیاری با آب شور در سطح 75 درصد (DSI75) کاهش 25 درصدی نسبت به شاهد و کم‌آبیاری با آب شور در سطح 55 درصد (DSI55) کاهش 45 درصدی نسبت به شاهد بودند. همچنین، تیمارهای کودی نیز در دو سطح کاربرد کود دامی (گاوی) در سطح 10 درصد و بدون کود دامی بودند. نتایج نشان دهنده اختلاف معنی‌دار اثر کود دامی، تنش خشکی و برهمکنش آنها بر اکثر صفات مورد بررسی بود. بیشترین مقدار وزن تر و خشک ریشه، پروتئین، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، کربوهیدرات، پرولین و آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز در شرایط تنش خشکی بدست آمد، همچنین کاربرد کود دامی باعث افزایش معنی‌دار مقدار وزن تر و خشک ریشه، پروتئین، زیست توده و آنزیم کاتالاز شد. به‌طور کلی، کاهش 25 درصدی در مصرف آب شور علاوه بر صرفه‌جویی، منجر به حصول نتایج قابل قبول به ویژه در رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و تنظیم کننده‌های اسمزی در مقایسه با آبیاری کامل شد. همچنین بهره‌گیری از کود دامی نیز به علت افزایش ماده آلی و مواد مغذی خاک موجب بهبود زیست توده گیاه تحت تاثیر کم‌آبیاری‌ها گردید.
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