نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد جیرفت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جیرفت، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت

3 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان

4 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر تنش خشکی و جاسمونیک‌اسید بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های زراعی و فیزیولوژیک ارقام کینوا، آزمایشی در قالب طرح اسپلیت‌ فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در سال 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی کرمان (ایستگاه جوپار) اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تیمار عدم تنش (آبیاری بعد از 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل‌استفاده خاک) و تیمار تنش خشکی (آبیاری بعد از 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل‌استفاده) به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی جاسمونیک‌اسید در سه سطح (صفر، 1 و 2 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و ارقام شامل (Giza1، Titicaca، Q29) به‌صورت فاکتوریل و به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال تنش خشکی، صفات عملکرد دانه، تعداد خوشه، وزن ‌هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، ارتفاع بوته، شاخص برداشت، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و شاخص سبزینگی را نسبت به تیمار عدم تنش کاهش داد. کاربرد اسید جاسمونیک به‌ویژه غلظت 2 میلی‌گرم در لیتر، سبب بهبود این صفات نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. همچنین اثر رقم بر اکثر صفات موردمطالعه معنی‌دار بود به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقادیر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک در شرایط عدم تنش و 2 میلی‌گرم در لیتر جاسمونیک اسید و رقم Titicaca به ترتیب معادل 3316 و 13265 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین مقدار به‌ترتیب معادل 1682 و 7733 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تنش خشکی و عدم مصرف جاسمونیک اسید و رقم Giza1 بود. بیشترین شاخص سبزینگی برگ (عدد اسپد)، در شرایط عدم تنش و محلول‌پاشی 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر جاسمونیک اسید در رقم Giza1 به مقدار 59 به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق می‌توان اظهار داشت که جاسمونیک‌اسید به‌عنوان بهبوددهنده از طریق کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی و بهبود رشد گیاه می‌تواند باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه و تولید ارقام کینوا به‌ویژه رقم Titicaca شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Angadi, S.V., Cutforth, H.W., McConkey, B.G., Gan, Y., 2003. Yield adjustment by canola grown at different plant populations under semiarid conditions. Crop Science. 43, 1358-1366.
Balbi, V., Devoto, A., 2007. Jasmonate signalling network in Arabidopsis thaliana, crucial regulatory nodes and new physiological scenarios. New Phytologist. 177, 301-318.
Bari, R., Jones, J.D.G., 2009. Role of plant hormones in plant defense responses. Plant Molecular Biology. 69, 473-488.
Cosculleola F., Fact, J.M., 1992. Determinations of the maize (Zea mays L.) yield function in respect to water using a line source sprinkler. Field Crops Abstract. 93, 5611-5612.
Creelman, R.A., Mullet, J.E., 2008. Biosynthesis and action of Jasmonates in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology.48, 355-381.
Din, J., Khan, S.U., Ali, I., Gurmani, A.R., 2011. Physiological and agronomic response of canola varieties to drought stress. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 21, 78-82.
Elewa T.A.A., Sadak, M., Saad, A., 2017. Proline treatment improves physiological responces in quinoa plants under drought stress. Biosience Research, 14, 21-33.
Emam, Y., Niknejad, M., 2011. An Introduction to the Physiology of Crop Yield. Shiraz University Press, Shiraz. [In Persian].
FAO. 2011. Quinoa, an ancient crop to contribute to world food security. FAO, Rome
Gharib, F. A., Hegazi, A. Z., 2010. Salycylic acid ameliorates germination, seedling growth, phytohormone and enzymes activity in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under cold stress. Journal of American Science. 6, 675-683.
Gámez, A.L., Soba, D., Zamarreño, Á.M., García-Mina, J.M., Aranjuelo, I., Morales, F., 2019. Effect of water stress during grain filling on yield, quality and physiological traits of Illpa and Rainbow quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 8(6), 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060173.
Geerts, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M., Vacher, J., Mamani, R., Mendoza, J., Huanca, R., Morales, B., Miranda, R., Cusicanqui, J., 2008. Introducing deficit irrigation to stabilize yields of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd). Europian Journal of Agronomy. 28, 427-436.
Heidari, M., Karami, A.V., 2013. Effect of drought stress and strains of mycorrhiza on yield, photosynthetic pigments sunflower. Journal of Environmental stresses in Crop Sciencess. 6, 17-26. [In Persian with English summary].
Jiban, M., 2001. Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants. Current Science. 80, 758-763.
Jacobsen, S.E., 2003. The worldwide potential for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Review International. 19, 167-177.
Jacobsen, S.E., Liu, F., Jensen, C.R., 2009.  Does root-sourced ABA play a rolefor regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Scientia Horticulture. 122, 281-287.
Jamali, S., Sharifan, H., 2018. Investigation the effect of different salinity levels on yield and yield components of quinoa (Cv. Titicaca). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. 25, 251-266. [In Persian with English Summary].
Keramat, B., Daneshmand, F., 2012. Dual role of methyl jasmonate in physiological responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) plant. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 1(1), 26-38. [In Persian With English Summary].
Li, l., van Staden, J., Jager, A.K., 1998. Effect of plant growth regulators on the antioxidant system in seedling of two maize cultivars subjected to water stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 25, 81-87.
Lum, M.S., Hanafi, M.M., Rafii, Y.M., Akmar, A.S.N., 2014. Effect of drought stress on growth, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of upland rice. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 24, 1487-1493.
Mahabub Alam, M.D., Kamrun, N., Hasanuzzaman, M., Masayuki, F., 2014. Exogenous jasmonic acid modulates the physiology, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in imparting drought stress tolerance in different Brassica species. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 8, 279-293.
Mata, C. G., Lamattina, L., 2001. Nitric oxide induces stomatal closure and enhances the adaptive plant responses against drought stress. Plant Physiology. 126, 1196 -1204.
Mitchell, R.A., Mitchell, V.J., Lawlor, D.W., 2001. Response of wheat canopy CO2 and water gas exchange to soil water content under ambient and elevated CO2. Global Change Biology. 7, 599-611.
Morgan, J.M., 1977. Changes in diffusive conductance and water potential of wheat plants before and after anthesis. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 4, 75-86.
Oelke, E.A., Putnam, D.H., Teynor, T.M., Oplinger, E.S., 1992. Alternative Field crops manual. University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service, University of Minnesota Extension Service, center for alternative Plant and Animal Products.
Popova, L., Ananieva, E., Hristova, V., Christov, K., Georgieva, K., Alexieva, V., Stoinova, Z.H., 2003. Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate induced protection on photosynthesis to paraquat oxidative stress. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology. 18, 133-152.
Razzaghi, F., Plauborg, F., Jacobsen, S.E., Jensen, CR., Andersen, M.N., 2012. Effect of nitrogen and water availability of three soil types on Yield, radiation use efficiency and evapotranspiration in field-grown quinoa. Agricultural Water Management. 109, 20-29.
Razzaghi, F., Ahmadi, SH., Jacobsen, S.E., Jensen, CR., Andersen, M.N., 2012. Effects of salinity and soil-drying on radiation use efficiency, water productivity and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 198, 173-184.
Ruiz Carrasco, K., Antognoni, F., Coulibaly, A., Lizardi, S., Convarrubias, A., Martinez, E.A., Zurita - Silva, A., 2011. Variation in salinity tolerance of four lowland genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) as assessed by growth physiological traits, and sodium transporter gene expression. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 49, 1333-1341.
Rajabi, A., Sharifan, H., Hesam, M., Zakerina, M., 2011. Effect of different levels salinity and Irrigation on yield and traits leaf spinach. The second of national conference Irriigation of Iran. Industrial University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. [In Persian].
Rassam, G., Dadkhah, A., Khoshnod Yazdi, A., 2014. Estimation of the impact of water shortages on morphological and physiological traits of herb hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Journal of Agriculture. 10, 1-12. [In Persian with English summary].
Roshdi, M., Rezadost, S., Khalil Mahaleh, J., Haji Nasab, N., 2009. The impact of bio-fertilizers on yield of three varieties of sunflower. Jornal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. 10, 24-11. [In Persian with English Summary].
Salehi, M. Dehghani, F., 2018. A guide to Planting and Harvesting in Saline Condition. Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. [In Persian].
Salahvarzi, Y., Tehranifar, A., Ghazanchian, A., 2008. Investigation of physiomorphologic changes of native and foreign green foliage, in drought stress and irrigation again. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Engineering. 9, 193-204 [In Persian with English Summary].
Sanchez, HB., Lemeur, R., Damme, PV., Jacobsen, SE.,2003. Ecophysiological analysis of drought and salinity stress of quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd). Food Reviews International. 19, 111-119.
Seyed Ahmadi, A., Bakhshandeh, A., Gharineh, M.H., 2015. Evaluation Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield Canola Cultivars under end Seasonal Drought Stress in Weather Condition of Ahvaz. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 2, 97-114 [In Persian with English Summary].
Sharifan, H., Jamali, S., Sajadi, F., 2018. The effect of different seawater and deficit irrigation regimes on leaf properties of quinoa. Water and Irrigation Management. 8(2), 177-191. [In Persian with English Summary].
Silva, M.A., Jifon, J.L., Da Silva, J.A.G., Sharma, V., 2007. Use of Physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology. 19, 193-201.
Sofy, M.R., Sharaf, A.E.M., Fouda, H.M., 2016. Stimulatory effect of hormones, vitamin C on growth, yield and some metabolic, activities of Chenopodium quinoa plants in Egypt. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology. 10, 2329-9029.
Swiatek, A., Azmi, A., Witters, E., Van Onckelen, H., 2003. Stress Massengers Jsmonic acid and Abccisic acid negatively regulate plant cell cycle. Journal of plant physiology.172-178.
Ueda, J., Saniewski, M., 2006. Methyl jasmonate induced stimulation of chlorophyll formation in the basal part of bulbs kept under natural light conditions. Journal of fruit and Ornamental Plant Reserch. 14, 199-210.
Vega-Galvez, A., Miranda, M., Vergara, J., Uribe, E., Puente, L., Martinez, E.A., 2010. Nutrition Facts and functional potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) an ancient Andean grain: A review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 90, 2541-2547.
Wu, H., Wu, X., Li, Z., Duan, L., Zhang, M., 2012. Physiological evaluation of drought stress tolerance and recovery in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) seedlings treated with methyl jasmonate and coronatine. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation.31, 113-123.
Yun-Xia, G., Li-Jun, Z., Feng-hai, L., Zhi-bin, C., Che, W., Yun-cong, Y., Zhen-hai, H., Jie, Z., Zhen-sheng, S., 2010. Relationship between jasmonic acid accumulation and senescence in drought -stress. African Journal of Agriculture Research. 5, 1978-1983.
Zlatev, Z., Lidon, F.C., 2012. An overview on drought induced changes in plant growth, water relations and photosynthesis. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 24, 57-72.