نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز

2 استادیار گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز

3 دانشیار گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز

4 عضو هیئت‌علمی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، داراب

چکیده

به­ منظور بررسی اثرات تنش آبی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی در سامانه کشت مخلوط ژنوتیپ­های گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب در سال زراعی 97-1396 به اجرا درآمد. رژیم رطوبتی در دو سطح مطلوب (بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه تا پایان دوره رشدی، آبیاری انجام شد.) و تنش آبی (قطع آبیاری آخر فصل از مرحله گلدهی به بعد انجام گردید که برای اعمال تنش آبی پس از 50 درصد ظهور سنبله­ها آبیاری تا برداشت قطع گردید.)، سامانه­ کشت در چهار سطح شامل کشت خالص (رقم سیروان، خلیل و لاین (S- 92-19) و کشت مخلوط (رقم سیروان+ رقم خلیل+ لاین S- 92-19)، فاکتور کود نیتروژن نیز در سه سطح (120،80 و 160 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار) در این آزمایش مورداستفاده قرار گرفتند. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، حداکثر مقدار عملکرد دانه در شرایط تأمین رطوبت مطلوب به میزان 7742.7 کیلوگرم در هکتار در سطوح کودی 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار در کشت مخلوط ژنوتیپ ­ها به دست آمد. عملکرد دانه در کشت مخلوط ژنوتیپ­ ها نسبت به کشت خالص هر یک از ارقام خلیل، سیروان و لاین S-92-19 به­ ترتیب 10، 19 و 25 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی MP، GMP، STI، YSI و YI محاسبه شدند و به‌منظور ادغام شاخص­های تحمل به خشکی از شاخص انتخاب ژنوتیپ ایده ­آل (روش SIIG) استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، مخلوط ژنوتیپ­ها متحمل‌ترین سیستم کشت در شرایط تنش شناخته شد.

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