نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
2 گروه خاک شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی آهن، روی و کاربرد سوپرجاذب در شرایط تنش کم آبی بر عملکرد دانه و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال‌های زراعی 96-1395 و 97-1396 در مزرعه‌ای واقع در شهرستان شوشتر اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل رژیم‌های آبیاری با سه سطح (آبیاری پس از تخلیه 30، 40 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی به ترتیب آبیاری مطلوب، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید) که زمان اعمال تنش حدود 60 روز بود، عامل فرعی شامل پلیمرسوپرجاذب با دو سطح (شاهد (عدم مصرف سوپرجاذب) و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عامل فرعی فرعی شامل محلول‌پاشی عناصرریزمغذی با چهار سطح (شاهد (آب معمولی)، محلول‌پاشی آهن، محلول‌پاشی روی و محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد تأثیر رژیم آبیاری و سوپرجاذب بر عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در بلال، آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط تنش کم آبی عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در بلال و آسکوربات پراکسیداز کاهش یافت اما فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز افزایش یافت. از طرفی برهمکنش رژیم آبیاری و سوپرجاذب بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (8530.69 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به تیمار آبیاری پس از تخلیه 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و کاربرد 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب بود. همچنین برهمکنش رژیم آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی بر عملکرد دانه، سوپراکسیددیسموتاز معنی‌دار بود. محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی در شرایط تنش رطوبتی موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در بلال و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز شد. به‌طور کلی با توجه به پایداری چندین ساله سوپرجاذب در خاک می‌توان بیان نمود که کاربرد 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب و محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی در شرایط رطوبتی تنش ملایم می‌تواند موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد ذرت و در کل بهبود 45 درصدی تولید ذرت شود.
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