نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی پتاسیم بر ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی هیبریدهای ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت تنش خشکی و همچنین تعیین صفات موثر بر عملکرد دانه انجام شد. بدین منظور آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده با سه تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کاملاً تصادفی در مرداد ماه سال 1394 در شهرستان دهلران (عرض جغرافیایی'41○32 شمالی و طول جغرافیایی '16○46 شرقی) استان ایلام انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل سه تنش آبی (شرایط مطلوب آبیاری، قطع یک دوره آبیاری در مراحل 12 برگی و ظهور گل تاجی ذرت) در کرت‌های اصلی، سه نحوه کاربرد پتاسیم (100 درصد سولفات پتاسیم، کاربرد 70 درصد سولفات پتاسیم و 30 درصد پتابارور-2، کاربرد 50 درصد سولفات پتاسیم و 50 درصد پتابارور-2) در کرت‌های فرعی و سه هیبرید ذرت (AS71، NS640 و CORDONA) در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر بر همکنش سه‌گانه تیمارها بر عملکرد دانه، پروتئین دانه، میزان پرولین، کلروفیل و فعالیت آنزیم‌ها معنی‌دار بود. کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی پتاسیم در هیبریدهای ذرت اثرات منفی تنش خشکی را کاهش داد و منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه ذرت شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه با کاربرد 50 درصد سولفات پتاسیم و 50 درصد پتابارور-2 و در هیبرید AS71 تحت شرایط مطلوب آبیاری به‌دست آمد (12130 کیلوگرم در هکتار). عملکرد دانه با محتوای پرولین، کلروفیل a و b همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت. نتایج رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام نشان داد کلروفیل a، محتوای پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و سوپر‌اکسید‌دیسموتاز موثرترین صفات بر عملکرد دانه بودند. به طور کلی کاربرد تلفیقی 50 درصد سولفات پتاسیم و 50 درصد پتابارور-2 و هیبرید AS71 هم در شرایط مطلوب آبیاری و هم در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها برتری داشتند.

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