نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم علف های هرز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

3 گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش های محیطی

4 دانش آموخته دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

بسیاری از اراضی کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، با کمبود آب و عناصر غذائی مخصوصاً عناصر غذائی کم ­نیاز مواجه هستند. در این راستا، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثرات کاربرد خاکی سولفات آهن در شرایط رطوبتی مختلف بر روی خصوصیات رشدی گندم رقم روشن، به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل دوعاملی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال 1391 انجام شد. عامل اول شامل چهار سطح سولفات آهن (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی­ گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) و عامل دوم نیز شامل دو سطح مختلف رطوبتی (50 و 100 درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی خاک) بود که از طریق توزین روزانه گلدان­ها کنترل می­شد. برداشت اندام هوائی گیاه بعد از گذشت 8 هفته صورت گرفت و صفاتی چون ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، سطح برگ، شاخص سبزینگی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ، درصد نیتروژن، درصد پروتئین، درصد پتاسیم و محتوای آهن برگ اندازه ­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف سولفات آهن روی درصد نیتروژن برگ و محتوای آهن برگ تأثیر معنی­ داری داشت. کاهش سطح تأمین رطوبت منجر به کاهش 31 درصدی ماده خشک تولیدی، 5.8 درصدی ارتفاع بوته، 37 درصدی تعداد برگ، 22 درصدی تعداد ساقه در بوته، 33 درصدی سطح برگ، 16.8 درصدی محتوی نسبی آب برگ، 5.45 درصدی شاخص سبزینگی و همچنین افزایش 18.2 درصدی نیتروژن برگ، 17.9 درصدی پتاسیم برگ و 23.7 درصدی پروتئین برگ شد. افزایش کاربرد 100 میلی­گرم سولفات آهن بر کیلوگرم خاک نیز محتوای آهن برگ را در حدود 100 درصد افزایش داد. به‌طورکلی کاربرد کود سولفات آهن منجر به بهبود رشد گندم تحت تنش خشکی شد.

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