نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی کرج ایران

چکیده

با وجود توسعه کشت مکانیزه و استفاده از ارقام منوژرم چغندرقند در کشور، هنوز در برخی مناطق مانند اراضی دارای تنش شوری و خشکی، استفاده از ارقام چند جوانه به منظور کاهش اثرات سوء محیط و افزایش درصد سبز و استقرار توصیه می‌شود. لذا بررسی ژرم‌پلاسم چند جوانه‌ای چغندرقند تحت تنش شوری ضروری بوده تا بتوان در آینده به ارقام چند جوانه متحمل به شوری دست یافت. برای این منظور، 20 گرده افشان مختلف ابتدا در آزمایشگاه در شرایط بدون تنش و شوری 20 دسی زیمنس برمتر به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو آزمایش جداگانه از نظر درصد جوانه‌زنی بین کاغذ و روش سریع جوانه‌زنی در ارلن با هم مقایسه شده و سپس در محیط گلخانه در شرایط بدون تنش و شوری 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر با چهار تکرار مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. نمونه‌برداری حدود دو ماه بعد از اعمال تنش در مرحله هشت برگی (استقرار) انجام وعملکرد تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه و عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم و کربوهیدرات محلول اندازه‌گیری شد. از نظر شاخص پتانسیل ظهور در مزرعه، ژنوتیپ‌های 7233، AMP2 و PB13-S2-151-HSF-915 به ترتیب با مقادیر 0.176، 0.09 و 0.05 دارای بیشترین مقدار این شاخص بودند. شوری باعث کاهش وزن خشک کل، اندام هوایی و ریشه، پتاسیم و کربوهیدرات محلول به ترتیب حدود 20، 24و 6، 42 و 38 درصد و افزایش مقدار سدیم و فسفر برگ به ترتیب حدود 4 برابر و 11 درصد شد و در نهایت ژنوتیپ‌های PB13-S2-151-HSF-915، 7233، S1–930882، S1–931008، Poly8823، S1–930770، Gazale، S1–930910، 5RR-87-HS-28 و S1–930792 بر اساس مجموع صفات جوانه‌زنی به روش سریع و روش بین کاغذ، صفات عملکردی و بیوشیمیایی به عنوان ده ژنوتیپ برتر در تنش شوری انتخاب شدند

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