نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد

3 دانشیار و هیئت‌علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد

4 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج

چکیده

خشکی یکی ازشایع‌ترین تنش‌های زیست محیطی می‌باشد که در رشد و توسعه گیاهان نقش دارد و یکی از عوامل مهم کاهش تولید محصولات می‌باشد. پرایمینگ تکنیک ساده‌ای است که قدرت استقرار گیاهچه‌ها و کارایی گیاه در مزارع را بهبود می‌بخشد. اسید سالسیلیک نقش مهمی را در تنش های غیر زنده ایفا می کند منفعت بیشترSA به دلیل توانایی آن برای حفاظت از گیاه تحت شرایط نامطلوب محیطی می باشد. بدین ترتیب به منظور بررسی اثر پیش تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی گیاه دارویی کینوا تحت تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه تکنولوژی بذر دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد در سال 1397 انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل اسید سالیسیلیک در چهار سطح (0، 0.5، 1 و 1.5 میلی مولار) و تنش خشکی. ناشی از پلی اتیلن گلایکول درچهار سطح (0، 4-، 8-، 12- بار) و ارقام گیاه کینوا رقم Giza1 و Titicaca بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که پیش تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک، تنش خشکی و اثر متقابل آن‌ها تأثیر معنی‌داری بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی ارقام گیاه دارویی کینوا در سطح احتمال یک درصد داشتند. به طوری که با افزایش تنش خشکی خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی گیاه کینوا کاهش و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک باعث بهبود ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی بذور کینوا شد. بالاترین درصد جوانه‌زنی (98 %) و صفات موثر بر آن از تیمار خیساندن بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک با حداکثر غلظت (1.5 میلی‌مولار) و سطوح پایین تنش خشکی بدست آمد. شاخص طولی و وزنی بنیه گیاهچه در غلظت‌های بالای اسید سالیسیلیک و سطوح بالای تنش خشکی کاهش یافت. مصرف یک و یک و نیم میلی‌مولار اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش مقدار کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید و افزایش تحمل این گیاه در برابر تنش خشکی شد .

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