نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

مرحله جوانه‌زنی گیاهان یکی از مراحل مهم در طول دوره رشد آن‌ها می‌باشد که اغلب تحت تأثیر تنش‌های محیطی به‌ویژه شوری و آبی قرارمی‌گیرد. به منظور بررسی اثرات تنش شوری و آبی بر فاکتورهای جوانه‌زنی بذر چهارده توده‌ی سیاه‌دانه، دو آزمایش مجزا در سال 1397 و در آزمایشگاه تکنولوژی بذر دانشگاه تهران به‌صورت فاکتوریل درقالب طرح کاملا تصادفی صورت پذیرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهارده توده سیاه‌دانه (اشکذر، اراک، اصفهان، اقلید، بجستان، خواف، خمینی‌شهر، رزن، زابل‌1، زابل‌2، سرایان، سمیرم، گردمیران، همدان)، شش سطح تنش شوری (صفر، 40، 80، 120، 160 و 200 میلی‌مولار) ناشی از غلظت‌های مختلف کلرید سدیم و چهار سطح تنش آبی (صفر، 0.3- ، 0.6- و 0.9- مگاپاسگال) ناشی از غلظت‌های مختلف پلی-اتیلن‌گلایکول 6000 و درچهار تکرار بودند. نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر درصد جوانه‌زنی در شرایط شوری مربوط به اکوتیپ رزن (99.55 درصد) بود. بیشترین مقدار آستانه تحمل به شوری (X0) در اکوتیپ سمیرم (137.7 میلی‌مولار) مشاهده شد. بیشترین سرعت جوانه‌زنی در تنش شوری مربوط به اکوتیپ اراک (0.013 بر ساعت) بود. حداقل ضریب هیدروتایم (θH) مربوط به اکوتیپ بجستان (28.040 مگاپاسگال ساعت) بود. کمترین مقدار پتانسیل پایه (Ψb(50)) در اکوتیپ اصفهان (0.563- مگاپاسگال) مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق در مرحله جوانه زنی اکوتیپ‌های بجستان و اصفهان مقاوم‌ترین اکوتیپ ها به کم آبی و اکوتیپ سمیرم مقاوم‌ترین اکوتیپ به شوری بودند.

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