نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
3 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر همزیستی قارچ‌های اندوفیت و محلول پاشی پلی‌آمین اسپرمیدین بر شاخص‌های رشدی و فیزیولوژیک گیاه دارویی استویا در شرایط تنش شوری، آزمایش گلخانه ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل تنش شوری (صفر، 6 و 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر)، تیمار همزیستی قارچی [عدم تلقیح (شاهد)، تلقیح Piriformospora indica (Pi)، تلقیح Trichoderma virens (Trich) و تلقیح هم‌زمان دو قارچ (Pi+Trich)] و محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین (صفر، 0.75 و 1.5 میلی‌مولار) بود. نشاهای استویا پس از تلقیح با تیمارهای قارچی تا اواخر مرحله رویشی با آب معمولی و سپس به مدت دو هفته با تیمارهای آب شور که حاوی مخلوط آب دریای خزر و آب مقطر بود، آبیاری شدند. محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین یک هفته قبل از اعمال تنش شوری انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد در شرایط شور، همزیستی قارچی به‌ویژه Pi+Trich وزن خشک ساقه (64-40 درصد) و برگ (50-44 درصد)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (30-5 درصد) و پرولین (64-40 درصد) را افزایش و نشت الکترولیت را (20-11 درصد) کاهش داد. محلول‌پاشی 0.75 میلی‌مولار اسپرمیدین نیز وزن خشک برگ و ارتفاع بوته را افزایش داد. از طرفی، همزیستی قارچی به‌ویژه Pi+Trich و محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین 0.75 میلی‌مولار منجر به افزایش محتوای نسبی آب برگ گردید. همچنین، محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین در هر دو غلظت 0.75 و 1.5 میلی‌مولار باعث افزایش و بکارگیری قارچ‌های اندوفیت به‌خصوص Pi+Trich منجر به کاهش محتوای قند به میزان 17 درصد شد. در سطوح شوری و تیمارهای قارچی، محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین به‌ویژه در غلظت 0.75 میلی‌مولار افزایش قطر ساقه (35-10 درصد) و سطح برگ (46-35 درصد) را به دنبال داشت. در مجموع، کاربرد قارچ‌های اندوفیت و محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین موجب بهبود تحمل گیاه به تنش شوری گردید.
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