نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه زنجان

4 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

لوبیا یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع تأمین‌کننده پروتئین موردنیاز انسان است. تنش خشکی به­ عنوان اصلی­ترین عامل محدودکننده تولید لوبیا در سراسر جهان شناخته شده است. به­ منظور بررسی تأثیر رژیم­ های مختلف آبیاری بر تبادلات گازی و صفات زراعی مرتبط با عملکرد گیاه لوبیا، آزمایشی در بهار سال 1391 به‌صورت طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل پنج سطح مختلف آبیاری (آبیاری نشتی با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی، آبیاری قطره‌ای-نواری با تأمین 100 درصد، 80 درصد، 60 درصد و 40 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه بود. رژیم­های آبیاری به‌غیر از ارتفاع بوته و غلظت CO2 زیر روزنه بر سایر صفات مورد ارزیابی تأثیر معنی­ داری داشت. کاهش مقدار آب در دسترس اثرات نامطلوبی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد داشت. بالاترین میزان عملکرد دانه (945.6 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، تعداد غلاف در بوته (10.95) و شاخص برداشت (23.87 درصد) در تیمار آبیاری قطره‌ای-نواری با تأمین 100 درصد و بالاترین هدایت روزنه‌ای (0.43 میلی­ مول بر مترمربع در ثانیه) در تیمار آبیاری نشتی با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی مشاهده گردید. در سایر صفات مورد مطالعه بین تیمار آبیاری نشتی با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی و آبیاری قطره‌ای-نواری با تأمین 100 درصد تفاوتی وجود نداشت. غلظت CO2 زیر روزنه در رژیم­ های مختلف آبیاری از نظر آماری یکسان بود. عملکرد دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته و شاخص برداشت تیمار آبیاری قطره‌ای-نواری با تأمین 100 درصد به ­ترتیب 31.29، 59 و 18.93 درصد بیشتر از تیمار آبیاری نشتی با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی بود. نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش مقدار آب مورد نیاز، صفات فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی مؤثر بر رشد و نمو لوبیا دچار اختلال گردیده و در نهایت سبب کاهش عملکرد می­شود. ازآنجاکه بین تیمار تیمار آبیاری نشتی با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی و آبیاری قطره‌ای-نواری با تأمین 100 درصد در بسیاری از صفات اکوفیزیولوژیکی، تفاوت معنی­ داری وجود نداشت، به‌منظور کاهش آب مصرفی، پیشنهاد می­شود که در کشت لوبیا به ­جای آبیاری نشتی (سنتی) از روش آبیاری قطره­ای-نواری با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی استفاده شود.

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