نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرقدس، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرقدس، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی آخر فصل بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک ارقام ایرانی گلرنگ، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج انجام شد. این تحقیق به صورت آزمایش کرت‏های یکبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در طول فصل زراعی 96-1395 انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی این آزمایش شامل دو سطح رطوبتی بدون تنش خشکی و تنش خشکی در مرحله پر شدن دانه (فاکتور اصلی) بود و پنج رقم ایرانی گلرنگ سطوح فاکتور فرعی آزمایش را تشکیل دادند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد تنش خشکی آخر فصل تاثیر معنی‌داری بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ارقام گلرنگ داشت و سبب کاهش ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد طبق، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه در ارقام گلرنگ شد. از سوی دیگر تنش خشکی موجب کاهش محتوی نسبی آب برگ، شاخص سطح برگ و افزایش دمای کانوپی در ارقام گلرنگ گردید. تنش خشکی عملکرد دانه و محتوی روغن دانه گلرنگ را به ترتیب و بطور میانگین 14.9 و 2.7 درصد در مقایسه با شرایط بدون خشکی کاهش داد. واکنش ارقام مختلف گلرنگ نیز از نظر صفات اکوفیزیولوژیک به تنش خشکی متفاوت بود. به‌طوری‌که رقم پرنیان به سبب تعداد طبق و وزن هزار دانه بیشتر، بیشترین عملکرد دانه را در هر دو سطح آبیاری بدون تنش و تنش خشکی به ترتیب با میانگین 2150 و 1773 کیلوگرم بر هکتار داشت. بیشترین کاهش عملکرد دانه در اثر تنش خشکی نیز در رقم صفه و به میزان 24.8 درصد مشاهده شد. در بین ارقام مورد بررسی رقم پرنیان دارای بالاترین محتوی نسبی آب برگ و شاخص سطح برگ و کمترین دمای کانوپی در شرایط تنش خشکی بود که با عملکرد بهتر این رقم در ارتباط بود. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده رقم پرنیان یک رقم متحمل به تنش خشکی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

Achhale, D. 2016. Screening of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius l.) Genotypes for drought tolerance. MSc dissertation. College of Agriculture, the Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Indore (MP). 75 p.
Al-Barrak, Kh.M., 2006. Irrigation interval and nitrogen level effects on growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Science Journal of King Faisal University. 7(1), 87-102.
Akhzari, D., Pessarakli, M. Eftekhari Ahandani, S., 2015. Effects of grazing intensity on soil and vegetation properties in a Mediterranean rangeland. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 46 (22), 2798-2806.
Anjum, S.A., Xie, X.Y., Wang, L.C., Saleem, M.F., Man, C., Lei, W., 2011. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6(9), 2026-2032.
Bagheri, H., Andalibi, B., Azimi Moghaddam, M., 2013. Effect of atrazine anti-transpiration application on improving physiological traits, yield and yield components of safflower under rainfed condition. Journal of Crops Improvement. 14(2), 1-16. [In Persian with English Summary].
Bannayan, M., Sanjani, S., Alizadeh, A., Lotfabadi, S., Mohamadian, A., 2010. Association between climate indices, aridity index, and rainfed crop yield in northeast of Iran. Field Crops Research. 118,105-114
Bhatnagar-Mathur, P., Vadez, V., Jyostna Devi, M., 2009. Genetic engineering of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with the P5CSF129A gene for osmoregulation with implications on drought tolerance. Molecular Breeding. 23, 591-606.
Bortolheiro, F.P.A.P., Silva, M.A., 2017. Physiological response and productivity of safflower lines under water deficit and rehydration. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 89(4), 3051-3066.
Efatdoust, N., 2003. Effect of drought stress on different safflower genotypes. MSc dissertation. Islamic Azad University Ardabil Branch. Iran. [In Persian].
Emam, Y., Shekoofa, A., Salehi, F., Jalali, A.H., 2010. Water stress effects on two common bean cultivars with contrasting growth habits. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 9(5), 495-499.
Eyshi Rezaei, E., Bannayan, M., 2012. Rainfed wheat yields under climate change in northeastern Iran. Meteorological Applications. 19, 346-354. 
Fanaei, H.R., Galavi, M., Kafi, M., Ghanbari Bonjar A., 2009. Amelioration of water stress by potassium fertilizer in two oilseed species. International Journal of Plant Production. 3(2), 41-45.
Farshidfar, E., Mohammadi, R., Sutca, J., 2002. Association between field and laboratory perdictors of drought tolerance in wheat disomic addition lines. Acta Agronomica Hungarica. 50, 377-381.
Fathian, S., Ehsan Zade, P., 2013. Association between some physiological characteristics and yield in spring safflower under two irrigation regimes. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 43(4), 649-659. [In Persian with English Summary].

Fleta-Soriano,E., Munné-Bosch, S., 2016. Stress memory and the inevitable effects of drought: A Physiological Perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science. 7, 1-6.

Ghosh P.K., Majumder, M.K., Banerjee, S.P., 2013. Growth analysis studies and their possible use in selection work in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 2, 38-41.
Gupta, K., Kayam, G., Faigenboim-Doron, A., Clevenger, J., Ozias-Akins, P., Hovav, R., 2016. Gene expression profiling during seed-filling process in peanut with emphasis on oil biosynthesis networks. Plant Science. 248, 116-127.
Hussain, M.I., Lyra, D.A., Farooq, M., Nikoloudakis, N., Khalid, N., 2016. Salt and drought stresses in safflower: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 36(1), 4-13.
Jabbari, H., 2014. Idntification of water deficit tolerance mechanisams in vegetative and reproductive stages in rapeseed. Ph.D thesis. College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran. 200 p. [In Persian].
Karimizadeh, R., Mohammadi, M., 2011. Association of canopy temperature depression with yield of durum wheat genotypes under supplementary irrigated and rainfed conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(2), 138.
Khakwani, A.A., Dennett, M.D., Munir, M., Abid, M., 2012. Growth and yield response of wheat varieties to water stress at booting and anthesis stages of development. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 44(3), 879-886.
Koutroubas, S.D., Papakosta, D.K., Doitsinis, A., 2004. Cultivar and seasonal effects on the contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to safflower yield. Field Crops Research. 90, 263-274.
Medici, A., Laloi, M., Atanassova, R., 2014. Profiling of sugar transporter genes in grapevine coping with water deficit. FEBS Letters. 588, 3989–3997
Meerajipour, M., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., Dehdari, A., Farajee, H., Meerajipour, M., 2013. Effect of drought stress on some physiological characteristics of four spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars in Yasouj. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 5(2), 125-134. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mirshekari, M., Majnoun, H.N., Amiri, R., Moslehi, A., Zandvakili, O.R., 2013. Effects of sowing date and irrigation treatment on safflower seed quality. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 8 (49), 6488-6498
Niknam, S.R., Ma, Q., Turner, W., 2003. Osmotic adjustment and seed yield of Brassica napus and B. juncea genotypes in a water-limited environmental in south Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 43(9), 1127-1135.
Noori, A., Ashraf Mehrabi, A., Safari, H., 2017. Study of correlation and path coefficient analysis of agronomic traits and grain yield for Aegilops cylindrica accessions under non-stress and drought stress conditions in Ilam. Journal of Crop Breeding. 9 (23), 76-84. [In Persian with English Summary].
Nourmand Movayed, F. 2004. Comparison of photosynthetic contribution of safflower inflorescence and adjacent leaves in seed formation and production under different field moisture conditions. MSc dissertation. Faculty of agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran. [In Persian].
Pasban Eslam, B., 2011. Evaluation of physiological indices for improving water deficit tolerance in spring safflower. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. 13, 327-338. [In Persian with English Summary].
Pasban Eslam, B., Shakiba, M.R., Neyshabouri, M.R., Moghadam, M., Ahmadi, M.R., 2000. Evaluation of physiological indices as a screening technique for drought resistance in oilseed rape. Pakistan Academy of Sciences Journal. 37, 143-152.
Pasban Eslam, B., 2016. Stability of grain and oil yields and its components in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) under early and late season drought. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 25 (4), 177-188.
Pascual-Villalobos, M.J., Albuquerque, N., 1996. Genetic variation of a safflower germplasm collection grown as a winter crop in southern Spain. Euphytica. 92, 327-332.
Patel, P.G. Patel, Z.Q. 1996. Effects of irrigation methods and levels on seed yield and quality of safflower. Journal of Oilseed Research. 13, 53-55.
Rahmani, F., 2018. Effect of zinc foliar application on some physiological characteristics and quantitative and qualitative yield of different safflower cultivars under drought stress. Ph.D thesis. Islamic Azad University Takestan Branch, Iran. [In Persian].
Safavi Fard, N., 2017. Study of drought stress and planting season effect on resources use efficiency in new cultivars and hybrids of canola. Ph.D thesis. Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Iran. [In Persian].
Sedaghat, M., Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Z., Emam, Y., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A., 2017. Physiological and antioxidant responses of winter wheat cultivars to strigolactone and salicylic acid in drought. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 119, 59-69.
Silva, M.D.A., Jifon, J.L., Santos, C.M.D., Jadoski, C.J., Silva, J.A.G.D., 2013. Photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency in sugarcane genotypes subject to water deficit during early growth phase. Brazilian archives of Biology and Technology. 56(5), 735-748.
Sinaki, M.J., Majidi Heravan, E. Shirani-rad, A.H. Noormohamadi, G. Zarei, G.H., 2007. The effects of water deficit during growth stage of canola (Brassica napus L.). American-Eurasin Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science. 2(4), 417-424.
Singh, D.P., Singh, P., Kumar, A., Sharma, H.C., 1985. Transpiration. Cooling as a screening technique for drought tolerance in oilseed Brassica. Annals of Botany. 56, 815-820.
Soleymani, A., Emami, S.A., Shahrajabian, M.H., Naranjani, L.E.I.L.A., 2011. Evaluation of suitable planting dates and autumn safflower cultivars under climatic condition of Isfahan, Iran. Research on Crops. 12(1), 155-162.

Sun, Y.W., He, Y., Zhang, R.P., Huang, J.W., Gu, M.C., 2013. Optimization of ultrasonic extraction conditions of safflower yellow from Carthamus tinctorius by response surface methodology. Zhong Yao Cai. 36(12),2018-2022.

Torabian, A., Maghsoudi, K., 2014. Study on relationship between yield and yield components of wheat under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions by path analysis method. Applied Field Crops Research. 27(104), 47-53. [In Persian with English Summary].
Zadehbagheri, M., Mojtaba, M., Javanmardi, S., Sharafzadeh, S., 2012. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components, relative leaf water content, proline and potassium ion accumulation in different white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotype. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 7(42), 5661-5670.