نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد کشاورزی اکولوژیک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس
2 دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، استادیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس
3 دکتری خاک‌شناسی- گرایش شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک و تغذیه گیاه، استادیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی و پیش‌تیمار با اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) تحت شرایط رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی گنبد کاووس در زمستان و بهار سال 97-1396 اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. سطوح مختلف آبیاری در چهار سطح شامل: عدم آبیاری (دیم)، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه و انجام دو بار آبیاری به‌‌ترتیب در زمان گلدهی و پر شدن دانه و عامل اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح شامل: عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد)، پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک به‌میزان 0.5 میلی‌مولار در لیتر در نظر گرفته شد. پس از اعمال تیمارها نمونه‌برداری‌های لازم از گیاه به‌عمل آمد و صفاتی از قبیل کلروفیلa ، کلروفیلb ، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، نشت الکترولیت، پرولین، قندهای محلول و در نهایت عملکرد دانه در گیاه ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات ساده آبیاری و اسید سالیسیلیک و اثرات متقابل آن‌ها بر کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثرات متقابل نشان داد، کاربرد محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش صفاتی مانند رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، پرولین، قندهای محلول و عملکرد دانه در تمام شرایط آبیاری گردید. پیش‌تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک کم‌ترین نشت الکترولیت را به‌خود اختصاص داد. بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک به‌میزان 1330 کیلوگرم در هکتار در شرایط دوبار آبیاری و کم‌ترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک به‌میزان 817 کیلوگرم در هکتار در شرایط دیم به‌دست آمد. با توجه به مشاهدات این تحقیق می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از اسید سالیسیلیک به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی، راهکاری مناسب به‌منظور افزایش مقاومت گیاه سیاهدانه در برابر تنش کم‌آبی است.
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