نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زرعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام
2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام
3 گروه زراعت، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
4 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی
چکیده
بمنظور بررسی اثرات بیوچار و قارچ میکوریزا بر کاهش تنش آبی در گیاه ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 94ـ95 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان مرکزی اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل دو سطح آبیاری (تنش و آبیاری نرمال)، فاکتور فرعی شامل چهار سطح کاربرد بیوچار (شاهد، 7، 14 و 21 تن در هکتار) و فاکتور فرعی فرعی شامل قارچ میکوریزا (بدون قارچ و کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا) بود. نتایج نشان داد تنش آب روی تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن هزار دانه و محتوای کلروفیل a اثر معنی‌داری داشت. کاربرد بیوچار روی وزن هزار دانه و محتوای کلروفیل a و b اثر معنی‌داری نداشت اما روی باقی صفات اثر معنی‌دار داشت و در سطح کاربرد 14 تن در هکتار بیوچار موجب افزایش 1.31 تن در هکتار عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با شاهد شد. قارچ میکوریزا اثر معنی‌داری بر تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد نهایی دانه و شاخص برداشت داشت و موجب افزایش 3.8، 3.9، 7 و 11.8 درصدی آنها به ترتیب شد. در حالت تنش و کاربرد 7 تن در هکتار بیوچار موجب افزایش 10.8 درصدی وزن هزاردانه نسبت به شاهد شد. برهمکنش تنش و قارچ بر تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد دانه در بلال، عملکرد نهایی دانه و شاخص برداشت اثر معنی‌دار داشت و برهمکنش بیوچار و قارچ تنها روی تعداد ردیف بلال اثر معنی‌دار داشت. برهمکنش تنش، بیوچار و قارچ روی تعداد دانه در بلال، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه اثر معنی‌دار داشت. کاربرد 14 تن در هکتار بیوچار بیشترین تأثیر را بر تعداد ردیف در بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد دانه در بلال، عملکرد نهایی دانه و شاخص برداشت داشت. در حالت تنش، بیشترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 13.87 تن در هکتار با کاربرد 14 تن در هکتار بیوچار بدست آمد.
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