نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران
چکیده
روی از طریق تنظیم روزنه و تعادل یونی در گیاهان زراعی نقش مهمی در کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی ایفا می‌نماید. از طرفی کاربرد روی به فرم نانوذرات به دلیل کارایی جذب و انتقال بهتر نسبت به فرم معمولی می‌تواند در شرایط تنش خشکی اثرات بهتری بر رشد و عملکرد داشته باشد. به همین منظور، آزمایشی با هدف بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی نانوذرات اکسید روی بر اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد و شاخص‌های کارایی روی در برنج رقم طارم هاشمی در شرایط کم‌آبیاری به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1395 در مزرعه‌ای واقع در شهرستان آمل اجرا گردید. آبیاری در چهار سطح (شاهد یا غرقاب دائم، تنش کم‌آبی در مرحله پنجه‌زنی به مدت 15 روز، تنش کم‌آبی در مرحله گلدهی به مدت 15 روز و تنش کم‌آبی در مرحله پر شدن دانه به مدت 15 روز به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و محلول‌پاشی نانوذرات اکسید روی در چهار سطح (صفر،25،50 و 75 میلی‌گرم اکسید روی در لیتر) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و هم‌چنین غلظت و جذب روی در دانه و کاه برنج در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی به‌خصوص در مرحله گلدهی به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند. استفاده از مقادیر 50 و 75 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانوذرات اکسید روی منجر به بهبود طول خوشه (به‌ترتیب 2.7 و 3.6 درصد)، تعداد پنجه بارور در کپه (به‌ترتیب 10.4 و 12.9 درصد)، تعداد دانه پر در خوشه (به‌ترتیب 11.6 و 13.7 درصد)، غلظت (به‌ترتیب 44.2 و 51.8 درصد) و جذب (به‌ترتیب 51.6 و 59.6 درصد) روی در دانه و درنهایت عملکرد دانه (به‌ترتیب 13 و 16.3 درصد) در مقایسه با شاهد یا عدم مصرف نانوذرات اکسید روی گردید؛ بنابراین آبیاری غرقاب دائم همراه با مصرف 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانوذرات اکسید روی جهت بهبود عملکرد و جذب روی در دانه برنج مناسب است.
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