نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته مهندسی زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
3 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
چکیده
این آزمایش با هدف بررسی مناسبترین تاریخ کاشت و میزان مقاومت گیاه به تنش خشکی به صورت کرتهای دو بار خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال زراعی 97-1396 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تاریخ کاشت (15 فروردین، 15 اردیبهشت و 15 خرداد) به عنوان عامل اصلی، سطوح مختلف آبیاری (90، 60 و 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) به عنوان عامل فرعی و محلول‌پاشی (سالیسیلیک اسید با غلظت 1 میلی مولار و آب به عنوان شاهد) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی-فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تأخیر در کاشت باعث کوتاه شدن طول دوره رشد گیاه شد. تنش خشکی دوره رشد و درجه روز رشد دریافتی گیاه را کاهش داد. طول ریشه در تاریخ کاشت اردیبهشت (31.81 سانتیمتر) حدود 20 و 41 درصد بالاتر از تاریخ کاشت فروردین و خرداد بود. در دو تاریخ کاشت فروردین (28.27 سانتیمتر) و اردیبهشت (35.92 سانتیمتر)، بیشترین طول ریشه در سطح آبیاری 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی ولی در تاریخ کاشت خرداد (21.27 سانتیمتر) در سطح عدم تنش به دست آمد. بهطور میانگین عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت اردیبهشت (653.91 کیلوگرم در هکتار) حدود 12 درصد بیشتر از فروردین و 30 درصد بیشتر از خرداد بود. کاهش آب مصرفی تا 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی تأثیر معنیداری بر عملکرد دانه نداشت، ولی میزان این شاخص در 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بهترتیب حدود 13 و 10 درصد کمتر از دو سطح اول بود. محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید تنها در شرایط تنش شدید باعث افزایش معنیدار عملکرد دانه نسبت به محلول‌پاشی آب شد. رابطه درصد روغن دانه با عملکرد دانه مثبت (0.82= r) و رابطه درصد پروتئین با عملکرد دانه منفی (0.78-=r) بود. کارایی مصرف آب در تاریخ کاشت اردیبهشت به ترتیب حدود 17 و 15 درصد بیشتر از تاریخ کاشت فروردین و خرداد بود. با کاهش میزان آب مصرفی، کارایی مصرف آب بهطور معنی داری افزایش یافت. بهطورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که کشت در اردیبهشت‌ماه مناسبترین تاریخ کاشت گیاه کینوآ برای منطقه بردسیر است. همچنین، این گیاه مقاومت خوبی به تنش خشکی داشته و استفاده از سالیسیلیک اسید نیز میتواند در کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی بر رشد و نمو این گیاه مؤثر باشد.
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