نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران
2 استادیار گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران
چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثر روش‌های آبیاری و الگوهای کاشت بر عملکرد دانه و کارآیی مصرف آب گندم و باقلا آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1396 در شهرستان شادگان اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل روش آبیاری (آبیاری کامل و جزئی سیستم ریشه‌ای) و عامل دوم شامل الگوهای مختلف کاشت (کشت خالص گندم و باقلا، کشت مخلوط ردیفی یک در میان و کشت مخلوط روی یک ردیف) بود. آبیاری محدود عملکرد دانه گندم را 24.4 درصد کاهش داد. با آبیاری جزئی ریشه، وزن دانه، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیک گندم در کشت خالص 4، 9 و 9 درصد، در کشت مخلوط روی ردیف‌های جداگانه 6، 13 و 12 درصد و در کشت مخلوط روی یک ردیف 9، 18 و 18 درصد کاهش پیدا کرد. در آبیاری جزئی ریشه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در بوته و عملکرد دانه باقلا به ترتیب 17، 45.8 و 35.9 درصد کاهش یافت. عملکرد باقلا در کشت‌های مخلوط روی ردیف‌های جداگانه و روی یک ردیف به ترتیب 88 و 62 درصد کشت خالص بود که نشان می‌دهد باقلا از کشت مخلوط منتفع شده است. بهره-وری آب با اعمال آبیاری محدود (27 درصد) و کشت مخلوط (59 درصد) بهبود پیدا کرد. نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط روی یک ردیف و روی ردیف‌های جداگانه به ترتیب 1.68 و 1.55 بود که به معنی سودمندی کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص می‌باشد.
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