نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان
2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان
چکیده
تنش خشکی مهمترین تنش بوده و عملکرد گیاهان را کاهش می‌دهد. گلرنگ گیاهی مقاوم به تنش و یکی از مهمترین گیاهان دانه روغنی می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ تحت شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی آزمایشی در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان طی دو سال زراعی 1389 و1390 به صورت کرت‌های یک بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری مطلوب (0.5- مگاپاسکال) و تنش خشکی (2- مگاپاسکال) و دو رقم گلرنگ (گلدشت و زنده‌رود) بود. اثر تیمار آبیاری، رقم و سال بر قطر طبق، تعداد طبق اصلی و فرعی معنی‌دار نشد. بالاترین وزن هزار دانه (35.5 گرم)، عملکرد دانه (2172.4 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد زیستی (9006.1 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، شاخص برداشت (25.6 درصد) و عملکرد روغن (634.6 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در آبیاری مطلوب حاصل شد و در سایر صفات تفاوتی بین آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی مشاهده نگردید. بالاترین تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد زیستی، درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن در رقم زنده‌رود بدست آمد و در سایر صفات بین رقم زنده‌رود و گلدشت تفاوتی وجود نداشت. تنش خشکی عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن را به ترتیب به میزان 51 و 65 درصد کاهش داد. درصد روغن تحت شرایط مطلوب آبیاری 8 درصد بالاتر از شرایط تنش خشکی بود. عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن رقم گلدشت به ترتیب 7، 8 و 26 درصد بیشتر از رقم زنده‌رود بود. نتایج نشان داد که رقم گلدشت نسبت به رقم زنده‌رود برتری داشته و در شرایط تنش از تحمل بالاتری برخوردار است، بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود در شرایط محدودیت آبیاری، کشت این رقم مد نظر قرار گیرد.
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