نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار پژوهش، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران
چکیده
این پژوهش مزرعه‌ای با هدف بررسی مقدار کود اوره موردنیاز گندم در سطوح مختلف شوری آب آبیاری طراحی و در ایستگاه تحقیقات شوری صدوق یزد که مجهز به استخرهای ذخیره آب با کیفیت‌های مختلف است اجرا شد. این تحقیق دارای سه سطح شوری آب آبیاری 1.88، 7.22 و 16.14 دسی‌زیمنس برمتر و پنج سطح کود اوره شامل 0 (صفر)، 100، 200، 300 و 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات با سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف کود اوره در کلیه سطوح شوری آب آبیاری ضرورت دارد. الگوی پاسخ گندم به کود نیتروژنی در هر سه سطح شوری مشابه بود و از معادله درجه دوم پیروی کرد، لیکن با افزایش شدت تنش شوری، شیب افزایش عملکرد کاهش یافت. هم‌چنین نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با افزایش شوری آب آبیاری از 1.88 به 7.22 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر عملکرد دانه گندم کاهش معنی‌داری نداشت و نیاز کودی نیز تغییری نکرد. اما با افزایش شوری آب آبیاری به 16.14 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر میزان عملکرد دانه به میزان یک تن و اوره موردنیاز به میزان 140 کیلوگرم در هکتار کاهش یافت. درمجموع، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که برای تولید حدود 4.5 تن دانه گندم با استفاده از آب آبیاری با هدایت الکتریکی 1.88 تا 7.22 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر در شرایط گرم و خشک استان یزد مصرف کود اوره به ترتیب به میزان 400 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار و برای تولید 3.6 تن در هکتار عملکرد دانه با استفاده از آب آبیاری با هدایت الکتریکی 16.14 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر مصرف 260 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره کفایت می‌کند.
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