نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم کشاورزی گرگان

2 دانشیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم کشاورزی گرگان

3 استادیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم کشاورزی گرگان

چکیده

جیوه به عنوان یک عنصر فلزی سنگین، در آلودگی محیط و ایجاد سمیت و تنش در موجودات زنده نقش دارد. جیوه با تجمع در خاک و جذب به وسیله گیاه به زنجیره غذایی وارد می‌شود و مسمومیت‌هایی را در گیاهان و افراد تغذیه کننده بوجود می‌آورد. بر این اساس آزمایشی به صورت اسپیلت پلات در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی به صورت کشت هیدروپونیک انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کلرید جیوه با غلظت‌های (صفر به عنوان شاهد، 5 ، 10 و 15 میکرومولار) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و ژنوتیپ‎های گندم نان (مروارید، گنبد و لاین N9108) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد در ژنوتیپ‌های مروارید و N9108 با تیمار کلرید جیوه میزان بیان ژن کاتالاز و متالوتیونین افزایش یافت و بیشترین میزان بیان این ژن‌ها تحت تیمار 15 میکرومولار کلرید جیوه (به ترتیب 9.2 و 2.7 برابر نسبت به شاهد) بود. با افزایش غلظت کلرید جیوه کاهش معنی‌داری در میزان کلروفیل ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف مشاهده شد. به علاوه کلرید جیوه به طور معنی‌داری میزان شاخص اکسیداسیون سلولی را در گیاهچه‎های تیمار شده در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. می‎توان نتیجه گرفت رقم مروارید و لاین امید بخش N9108 تحت تنش کلرید جیوه، واکنش بهتری نسبت به رقم گنبد از خود نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

 
Akashi, K., Nishimura, N., Ishida, Y., Yokota, A., 2004. Potent hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of drought-induced type-2 metallothionein in wild watermelon. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 323, 72-78.
Amani, A.L., 2008. Cadmium induced changes in pigment content, ion uptake, proline content and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase activity in Triticum aestivum seedlings. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2, 57-62.
Blindauer, C.A., 2008. Metallothioneins with unusual residues: histidines as modulators of zinc affinity and reactivity. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 102, 507–521.
Cailin, G., Yan, D, Zegang, W., Dingzhen, W., Yulong, W., Qi, S, Shishi, L., 2008. Responses of wheat seedlings to cadmium, mercury and trichlorobenzene stresses. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 21, 806-813.
Chelikani, P., Fita, I., Loewen, P.C., 2004. Diversity of structures and properties among catalases. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 61, 192-208.
Cho, U., Park, J., 2000. Mercury-induced oxidative stress in tomato seedlings. Plant Sciences. 156, 1–9.
Cobbett, C., Goldsbrough, P., 2002. Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: Roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 53, 159–182.
Du, Y.Y., Wang, P.C., Chen, J., Song, C.P., 2008. Comprehensive functional analysis of the catalase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 50, 1318-1326.
Domenech, J., Orihuela, R., Mir, G., Molinas, M., Atrian, S., Capdevila, M., 2007. The CdII binding abilities of recombinant Quercus suber metallothionein: Bridging the gap between phytochelatins and metallothioneins. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 12, 867–882.
Foyer, C.H., Lelandais, M., Kunerk, K.J., 1994. Oxidative stress in plants. Physiology Plant. 92, 696-717.
Freisinger, E., 2007. Spectroscopic characterization of a fruit specific metallothionein M.acuminata MT3. Inorganica Chimia Acta. 360, 369-380.
Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Montes, M., Rose, G.D., Corral-Diaz, B., 2004. Bioaccumulation of cadmium, chromium and copper by (Convolvulus arvensis L.): Impact on plant growth and uptake of nutritional elements. Bioresource Technology. 92, 229-235.
Gratao, P.L., Polle, A., Lea, P.J., Azevedo, R.A., 2005. Making the life of heavy metal-stressed plants a little easier. Functional Plant Biology. 32, 481-494.
Guo, J., Xu, L., Su, Y., Wang, H., Gao, SH., Xu, J., Que, Y., 2013. ScMT2-1-3, a Metallothionein Gene of Sugarcane, Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Heavy Metal Tolerance/Accumulation. BioMed Research International. p,12.
Hagege, D., Nouvelot, A., Boucard, J., Gaspar, T., 1990. Malondialdehyde titration with thiobarbiturate in plant extracts: avoidance of pigment interference. Phytochemical Analysis, 1, 86-89.
Hassinen, V., Tervahauta, A.I., Schat, H., Karenlampi, S., 2011. Plant metallothioneins – metal chelators with ROS scavenging activity. Plant Biology, 13, 225-232.
Hu, R., Sun, K., Su, X., Pan, Y.X., Zhang, Y.F., Wang, X.P., 2012. Physiological responses and tolerance mechanisms to Pb in two xerophils: Salsola passerina Bunge and Chenopodium album L. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 205, 131-138.
Huang, G.Y., Wang, Y.S., 2010. Expression and characterization analysis of type 2 metallothionein from grey mangrove species (Avicennia marina) in response to metal stress. Aquatic Toxicology. 99(1), 86-92.
Irannezhad, H., Shahbaziyan, N., 2005. Cereals Cultivation. Vol. 1: Wheat. Tehran University Press, Abu Riauhan Higher Education Complex. P, 274 [In Persian].
Islam, E., Yang, X.E., Li, T.Q., Liu, D., 2007. Effect of Pb toxicity on root morphology, physiology and ultrastructure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 147(3), 806–16.
Kazemi, G., Navabpour, S., Ramezanpour, S.S., 2010. Evaluation of catalase gene expression and morphological traits in two wheat cultivar under salt stress. Modern Genetic Journal. 1, 79-87. [In Persian with English summary].
Kaur, G., Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R., Kumar, R.K., 2012. Growth, photosynthetic activity and oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum) after exposure of lead to soil. Journal of Environmental Biology. 33, 265-269.
Magbanua, Z.V., Moraes, C.M., Brooks, T.D., Williams, W.P., Luthe, D.S. 2007. Is catalase activity one of the factors associated with maize resistance to Aspergillus flavus? Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 20, 697-706.
Malar, S., Vikram, S.S., Favas, P.J., Perumal, V., 2014. Lead heavy metal toxicity induced changes on growth and antioxidative enzymes level in water hyacinths [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)]. Botanical Studies. 55, 54-68.
Moloudi, F., Navabpour, S., Soltanloo, H., Ramezanpour, S.S., Sadeghipour, H., 2013. Catalase and metallothionein genes expression analysis in wheat cultivars under drought stress condition. Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding. 1(2), 58-64.
Noorani azad, H., Hajibagheri, M.R., Chobineh, D., Ejraee, A.K., 2010. The study of HgCl2 toxicity on the growth and some biochemical traits in Dill (Anethum graveolens L). Journal on Plant Science Researches. 2, 19-27.
Parlak, K.U., 2016. Effect of nickel on growth and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 76, 1-5.
Pourakbar, L., Ashrafi, R., 2011. Effect of cadmium on generation of hydrogen peroxide and activities of some antioxidant enzymes in maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Science. 9, 484-473.
Raeesi, S.Y, Jahanbakhsh, S., 2014. The effect of cadmium and mercuric chlorides on some physiological traits of wheat two cultivars. Journal of Crop Production, 7(4), 179-195. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rodrıguez-Llorente, I.D., 2010. Epxression of the seed-specifc metallothionein mt4a in plant vegetative tissues increases Cu and Zn tolerance. Plant Science. 178(3), 327–332.
Sahu, G.K., Upadhyay, S., Sahoo, B.B., 2011. Mercury induced phytotoxicity and oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 18(1), 21-31.
Salehi, M., Kalate Arabi, M., Mosavat, S.A., 2014. Evaluation of Genetic Variation in Spring Bread Wheat Genotypes to Salinity in the North of Golestan Province. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal. 30, 305-325. [In Persian with English summary].
Sandalio, L.M., Dalurzo, H.C., Gomez, M., Romero-Puertas, M.C., Del Rio, L.A., 2001. Cadmium-induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of pea plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(364), 2115-2126.
Schat, H., Sharma, S.S. and Vooijs, R., 1997. Heavy metal- induced accumulation of free proline in a meta-tolerant and a nonotolerant ecotype of Silene vulgaris. Physiologia Plantarum. 101(3), 477-482.
 Seregin, I.V. Kozhevnikova, A.D., 2006. Physiological role of nickel and its toxic effects on higher plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 53, 257–277.
Sharma, A., Jha, A.M., Dubey, R.S., Pessarakli, M., 2012. Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plant under stressful conditions. Journal of Botany. 26, 1–26.
Shiyab, S., Chen, J., Fengxiang, X.H., David, L.M., Fank, B.M., Mengmeng, G., Yi, S., Motasim, A.M., 2008. Mercury-induced oxidative stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Environmental Toxicology. 24, 462–471.
Singh, V.P., 1995. Toxic metal cadmium. In: Trivedy R.K. (ed.), Phytotoxicity and tolerance in plants. Advances in Environmental Science Tehnology, Ashish Publication House, New Delhi. Pp. 225-256.
Smeets, K., Ruytinx, J., Semane, B., Van Belleghem, F., Remans, T., Van Sanden, S., Cuypers, A., 2008. Cadmium-induced transcriptional and enzymatic alterations related to oxidative stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 63(1), 1-8.
Solhi, M., Malakuti, M.J., Samavat, S., 2005. Distribution and concentration of heavy metals in the life cycle (soil, water, plants, animals and humans). Soil and Water Research Institute, Technical Bulletion, Tehran: Sana Publication. 470, 3-37.
Srivastava, S., Mishra, S., Tripathi, R. D., Dwivedi, S., Gupta, D.K., 2006. Copper induced oxidative stress and responses of antioxidants and phytochelatins in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.). Royle Aquatic Toxicology. 80(4), 405–415.
Verma, S., Dubey, R., 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant Science, 164, 645-655.
Zengin, F.K., Munzuroglu, O., 2005. Effects of some antioxidant chemicals in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia series Botanica, 47(2), 157-164.
Zhang, C., Luo, L., Xu, W., Ledwith, V., 2008. Use of local Moran's I and GIS to identify pollution hotspots of Pb in urban soils of Galway, Ireland. Science of the Total Environment. 398, 212-221.
Zhao, Z.S, Wang, S.J., Yang, Z.M., 2008. Biological detection and analysis of mercury toxicity to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants. Chemosphere. 70, 1500-1509.
Zhou, Z.S, Huang, S.Q., Gou, K., Mehta, S.K., Zhang, P.C., Yang, Z.M., 2007. Metabolic adaptations to mercury-induced oxidative stress in roots of Medicago sativa L. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 101, 1-9.