نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مهاباد، مهاباد، ایران
چکیده
در شرایط تنش ، همزیستی گونه‌های قارچ میکوریزا-آربوسکولار با ریشه گیاه میزبان، تأثیر مستقیمی بر تحمل خشکی در گیاهان دارد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا-آربوسکولار در سطوح مختلف تنش رطوبتی بر برخی ویژگی‌های رشدی ذرت، این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل با دو عامل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تکرار در شرایط گلخانه اجرا گردید. عامل اول مربوط به سطوح تنش رطوبتی شامل 60، 80 و 100% ظرفیت زراعی و عامل دوم مربوط به دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا شامل Glomus intraradices و Glomus mosseae و شاهد (عدم تلقیح) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش رطوبتی موجب کاهش ارتفاع بوته و وزن خشک اندام هوایی به ترتیب به میزان13% و17% شد. تنش رطوبتی بر وزن خشک ریشه بی تاثیر بود ولی، قارچهای مایکوریزا وزن خشک ریشه را افزایش داده و تاثیر G. mosseae نسبت به گونه G. intraradices بیشتر بود. علیرغم افزایش شدت تنش رطوبتی، قارچهای مایکوریزا شاخص کلروفیل SPAD را افزایش داد. بیشترین شاخص کلروفیل مربوط به تیمار تلقیح با قارچ G. mosseae در 0.6 ظرفیت زراعی معادل 37.02 بود. گیاه تلقیح شده با قارچ G. mosseae نسبت به G. intraradices کارایی بیشتری در حفظ رطوبت نسبی آب برگ در شرایط تنش رطوبتی داشت. بیشترین درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه معادل 39.04 در تیمار تلقیح با قارچ mosseae G. در 60% رطوبت زراعی به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج پیشنهاد میکنند که در شرایط تنش رطوبتی، گونه G. mosseae قادر به برقراری ارتباط همزیستی مؤثرتری با ریشه گیاه ذرت تحت شرایط انجام این آزمایش بود.
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