نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی شاخص تحمل به کم‌آبی، برآورد تنوع ژنتیکی برای طول کلئوپتیل و بررسی نقش طول کلئوپتیل در نحوه واکنش به تنش انجام شد. مقایسه میزان عملکرد و اجزای آن در ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک ایران انجام گرفت. در این تحقیق 50 ژنوتیپ در شرایط تنش آبی و عادی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار موردمطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‌ها در هر دو شرایط محیطی ازلحاظ کلیه صفات به‌جز صفت تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت و دامنه تغییرات برای کلیه صفات دارای طیف نسبتاً بالایی بود که نشان‌دهنده تنوع بالا بین ژنوتیپ‌های موردمطالعه بود. میانگین تمام صفات به‌جز وزن سنبله اصلی و طول ریشک، در شرایط معمولی بیش‌تر از شرایط تنش رطوبتی بود. طول کلئوپتیل ژنوتیپ‌ها بین 2.41 تا 4.91 سانتی‌متر بود. در بین نه صفت موردمطالعه، تعداد شش صفت دچار کاهش رشد ناشی از اعمال تنش خشکی گردیدند و از این میان کاهش تعداد سنبله، عملکرد دانه در سطح و وزن سنبله از همه قابل‌توجه‌تر بود. سه ژنوتیپ شیرودی، اروم و پاستور متحمل‌ترین و ژنوتیپ استار دارای کمترین مقدار STI نسبت به تنش کم‌آبی بود. برای بررسی ارتباط صفات و شاخص مقاومت به خشکی با طول کلئوپتیل، ضریب همبستگی محاسبه گردید. بیشترین همبستگی مثبت در هر دو شرایط محیطی (تنش و بدون تنش) میان صفات ارتفاع بوته با طول کلئوپتیل به ترتیب به میزان 0.56 و 0.43 و تعداد سنبله با طول کلئوپتیل به ترتیب به میزان 0.16 و 0.165 بود. همبستگی طول کلئوپتیل تحت شرایط تنش و بدون تنش با شاخص STI منفی بود. بین عملکرد دانه و طول کلئوپتیل همبستگی منفی و غیر معنی‌داری وجود داشت. ضریب همبستگی طول کلئوپتیل با برخی صفات کمیتی در شرایط تنش نسبت به شرایط عدم تنش کم‌آبی ازنظر اندازه و جهت تغییر نمود که ناشی از نقش مؤثر طول کلئوپتیل در موازنه گیاه و شرایط رطوبتی است

کلیدواژه‌ها

Abdi, H., Bihamta, M.R., Aziz Ov, E., Chogan, R., 2015. Investigation effect of drought Stress Ievel of PEG 6000 on seed germination principle and its relation with drought tolerance index in promising lines and cultivares of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12(4), 582-596. [In Persian with English summary].
Abdolrahmani, B., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Valizadeh, M., Feizi Asl, V., 2007. Seed priming and seedling establishment of barley (Hordium vulgare L.). Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 5, 179-184.
Amini, A., Esmailzade-Moghadam, M., Vahabzadeh, M., 2005. Genetic diversity based on agronomic performance among Iranian wheat landraces under moisture stress. The 7th International Wheat Conference, Nov. 27, Dec 2, 2005. Mardel Plata, Argentina.
Araus, J.L., Slafer, G.A., Reynolds, M.P., Royo, C., 2002. Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for? Annals of Botany. 89, 925–940.
Arora, A., Sairam, R.K., Srivastava, G.C., 2002. Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants. Current Science. 82(10), 1227-1238.
Balouchi, H.R., 2010. Screening wheat parents of mapping population for heat and drought tolerance, Selection of wheat genetic variation. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 6, 56-66.
Emam, Y., 2007. Cereal Crops Agronomy. Shiraz University Press. 190p [In Persian].
Farshadfar, E., Zamani, M.R., Matlabi, M., Emam-Jome, E.E., 2001. Selection for drought resistance chickpea lines. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 32, 65-77. [In Persian with English summary].
Fernandez, G.C., 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress. Taiwan, 13-18 August 1992, 257-270.
Garcya, D., Moral, L.F., Rharrabti, Y., Villegas, D., Royo, C., 2003. Evaluation of grain yield and its components in durum wheat under Mediterranean Condition: An onotogenic approach. Agronomy Journal. 95, 266-274.
Gooding, M.J., Ellis, R.H., Shewry, P.R., Schofield, J.D., 2003. Effects of restricted water availability and increased temperature on the grain filling, drying and quality of winter wheat. Journal of Cereal Science. 37, 295–309.
Huyuan, F., Xue, L.S., Wang, L.X., 2007. The interactive effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and soil drought on spring wheat. South African Journal of Botany. 73, 429-434.
Kargar, S.M.A., Ghannadha, M.R., Bozorgi-Pour, R., Khaje Ahmad Attari, A.A., Babaei, H.R., 2004. An investigation of drought tolerance indices in some soybean genotypes under restricted irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science. 35(1), 129-142. [In Persian with English summary].
Khalilzade, G. H., Karbalai-Khiavi. H., 2002. Investigation of drought and heat stress on advanced lines of durum wheat. In: Proceedings of the 7th Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences. pp., 563-564. [In Persian].
Miao, Y., Zentgraf, U., 2007. The Antagonist function of arabidopsis WRKY53 and ESR/ESP in leaf senescence is modulated by the jasmonic and salicylic acid equilibrium. The Plant Cell Online. 19, 819-830.
Moaveni, P., Habibi, D., AbbasZadeh, B., 2009. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of four wheat cultivars in Shahr-e-Gods. Agronomy and Plant Breeding Journal. 5(1), 69-85. [In Persian with English summary].
 
Moayedi, A.A., Nasrulhaq-Boyce, A., Barakbah, S.S., 2009. Influence of water deficit during different growth and developmental stages on the contribution of stored pre-anthesis assimilates to grain in selected durum and bread wheat genotypes. Asturalian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 3 (4), 4408-4415.
Momtazi, F., 2011. Responses of different wheat cultivars to post anthesis drought stress. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 3(9), 1-17. [In Persian with English summary].
Moori, S., Emam, Y., Karimzadeh Sourashjani, H.A., 2012. Evaluation of Late Season Drought Resistance in Wheat Cultivars Using Grain Yield, Its Component and Drought Resistancr Indices. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 5(1), 19-32. [In Persian with English summary].
Nazeri, M., 2016. Water Use Efficiency and Water Deficit Tolerance Indices in Terminal Growth Stages in Promising Bread Wheat genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 13(4), 715-727. [In Persian with English summary].
Nourizadeh, H., Ehtemam, M.H., Arzani, A., Esmailzadeh-Moghadam, M., 2017. Effect of moisture stress on agronomic and morphological characteristics of recombinant inbred lines in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 14(4), 599-617. [In Persian with English summary].
Nour-mohamadi, G., Siadat, A., Kashani, A., 2004. Agronomy (Cereal Crops). Shahid Chamran University Press. 446p. [In Persian].
Özturk, A., Bayram, S., Haliloglu, K., Aydin, M., Çaglar, O., Bulut, S., 2014. Characterization for drought resistance at early stages of wheat genotypes based on survival, coleoptile length, and seedling vigor. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 38, 824 -837.
Paknejad, F., Majidi, E., Noormohammadi, G., Seadat, A., Vazan, S., 2007. Evaluation of drought stress on effective traits at accumulative assimilate of grain in different cultivars of wheat. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13(1), 137-148. [In Persian with English summary].
Rajaram, S., Van Ginkel, M., Fischer, R.A., 1994. CIMMYT’s wheat breeding mega-environments (ME). Proceeding of the 8th International Wheat Genetics Symposium. China Agricultural Scientech, Beijing, China. pp. 1101-1106.
Rebetzke, G.J., Richards, R.A., Fischer, V.M., Mickelson, B., 1999. Breeding long coleoptile, reduced height wheats. Euphytica. 106, 159-168.
Reynolds, M.P., Delgado, B.M.I., Gutiérrez-Rodroaguez, M., Larqué-Saavedra, A., 2000. Photosynthesis of wheat in a warm, irrigated environment: I: genetic diversityand crop productivity. Field Crops Research. 66, 37–50.
Reynolds, M.P., Rebetzke. G., Pellegrineschi. A., Trethowan, R., 2006. Drought adaptation in wheat. In: Ribaut, J.M. (ed.), Drought Adaptation in Cereals. New York, NY, USA: Food Products Press, pp. 401–446.
Richards, R.A., 1996. Defining selection criteria to improve yield under drought. Plant Growth Regulation. 20, 157-166.
Richards, R.A., 1992. The effect of dwarfing genes in spring wheat in dry environments. II. Growth, water use and water use efficiency. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 43, 529–539.
Saeidi, M., Ahmadi, A., Postini, K., Jahansooz, M.R., 2007. Evaluation of germination traits of different genotypes of wheat in osmotic stress situation and their correlations with speed of emergence and drought tolerance in Farm situation. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 11, 281- 293. [In Persian with English summary].
Shafazadeh, M.K., Yazdan Sepas, A., Amini, A., Ghanadha, M.R., 2004. Study of terminal drought tolerance in promising winter and facultative wheat genotypes using stress susceptibility and tolerance indices. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal. 20(1), 57-71. [In Persian with English summary].
Shahbazi, H., 2012. Evaluation of the tolerance in wheat recombinant inbred lines under field conditions, MSc thesis in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture. Isfahan University of Technology. [In Persian].
Simane, B., Struik, P.C., Nachit, M., Peacock, J.M., 1993. Ontogenetic analysis of yield components and yield stability of durum wheat in water limited environments. Euphytica. 71, 211-219.
Singh, B., Faroda, A.S., 2004. Physiological parameters of Brassica species as affected by irrigation and nitrogen management on arid soils. Indian Journal of Agriculture Science 39, 426-443.
Subhani, G.M., Chowdhary, M.A., 2000. Correlation and path coefficient analysis in bread wheat under drought stress and normal conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 3, 72-77.
Tavakoli, A. R., 2003. Effects of supplemental irrigation and nitrogen rates on yield and yield cmponents of rainfed wheat. Journal of Crop and Seed. 19(3), 367-381. [In Persian with English summary].
Tewolde, H., Fernandez, C.J., Erickson, C.A., 2006. Wheat cultivars adapted to post-heading high temperature stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 192, 111-120.
Villegas, D., Casadesus, J., Atienza, S. G., Martos, V., Maalouf, F., Karam, F., Aranjuelo, I., Nogues, S., 2010. Tritordeum, wheat and triticale yield components under multi-local mediterranean drought conditions. Field Crops Research. 116, 68–74.
Zarei, S., Amini, A., Mahfoozi, S., Bihamta, M. R., 2011. Study of genetic diversity for morpho-physiological and agronomic traits of Iranian local wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 4(4), 123-138.