نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه یزد، یزد

2 عضو هیئت‌علمی دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه یزد، یزد

3 استادیار، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد

چکیده

به­ منظور بررسی تأثیر کائولین بر افزایش مقاومت به کم آبیاری در گیاه ریحان بنفش (Ocimum basilicum var purpurascens)، آزمایشی به­ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه یزد در سال زراعی 97-1396 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل فاکتورهای کم آبیاری در چهار سطح ظرفیت زراعی معادل 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد و محلول­ پاشی کائولین در سه سطح صفر، 3 و 6 درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر محلول‌پاشی کائولین و تیمارهای تنش رطوبتی بر ارتفاع، قطر ساقه، سطح برگ، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه، حجم ریشه، محتوای نسبی آب، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، پرولین و قند محلول ریحان در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش تنش به سطح 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، ارتفاع گیاهان با 14 درصد کاهش مواجه شد. با افزایش سطوح محلول‌پاشی کائولین تا غلظت 3 درصد تأثیر معنی‌داری روی ارتفاع مشاهده نشد، ولی با افزایش غلظت کائولین به 6 درصد، کاهشی برابر با 18.1 درصد مشاهده شد. گیاهان تیمارشده در عدم مصرف و مصرف کائولین در سطح 3 درصد بدون اختلاف معنی­دار از بالاترین وزن خشک اندام هوایی برخوردار بودند. محلول‌پاشی غلظت‌های بالای کائولین (6 درصد) اثرات منفی روی رشد گیاه داشت. نتایج اثر متقابل کم آبیاری و کائولین حاکی از آن بود که کاربرد کائولین در سطوح (3 و 6 درصد) و تیمار رطوبتی 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی دارای بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a بود. اثرات متقابل کم آبیاری و کائولین نشان داد که بیشترین محتوای نسبی آب (RWC) در تیمار 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و محلول 6 درصد کائولین و کمترین آن با کاهش 14.44درصد مربوط به اثر متقابل تنش 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و عدم کاربرد کائولین بود. نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر نقش مثبت کائولین تا غلظت 3 درصد در کاهش اثرات ناشی از تیمارهای کم آبیاری بر گیاه ریحان بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Abedi, T., Paknivat, H., 2010. Antioxidant enzyme change in response drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 46(1), 27-34
Alizadeh, A., 2005. Soil Water-Plant Relationship. Astane Qods_e Razavi Publication. 222p. [In Persian].
Anderson, J.M.,           1986. Photoregulation of the composition, function and structure of thylakoid membranes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 37, 93-136.
Bates, L., Waldren, R.P., Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39, 205-207.
Bota, J., Flexas, J., Medrano, H., 2004. Is photosynthesis limited by decreased Rubisco activity and RuBP content under progressive water stress? New Phytolgist. 162, 671-681.
Burme, L., Moallemi, N., Mortazavi, S.M.H., 2011. Anti-transpiration effect of kaolin on some physiological traits of four olive cultivars. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(1), 11-23. [In Persian with English summary].
Chanbdracar, B.L., Sechar, N. Tuteja, S.S, Tripathi, R.S., 1994. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen of growth and yield of summer sesame (Sesamum indicum). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 39, 701-702.
French, R.J., Turner, N. C., 1991. Water deficit change dry matter partitioning and seed yield in narrow leafed lupins. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 42, 471- 484.
Glenn, D.M., 2005. Particle films: A new technology for agriculture. Horticultural Reviews. 31, 1-44.
Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G., Vanderzwet, T., Byers, R.E., Feldhake, C., 1999. Hydrophobic particle films: A new paradigm for suppression of arthropod pests and plant diseases. Journal of Economic Entomology. 92, 759-771.
Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G.J., 2001. Particle film application influences apple leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science. 126 (2), 175–181.
Hu, C.A., Delauney, A.J., Verma, D.P., 1992. A bifunctional enzyme (al-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase) catalyzes the first two steps in proline biosynthesis I plants. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science. 89, 9354-9358.
Jafarian, S., 2014. Investigating the role of iodine in reducing the effects of drought stress on two canola and safflower species. MSc. Dissertation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Yazd, Iran. [In Persian with English summary].
Javanmardi, J., Khalighi, A., Khashi, A., Bais, H.P., Vivanco, J.M., 2002. Chemichal characterisation of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) found in local accessions and used in traditional medicins in Iran. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50, 5878-83.
Keshavarznia, R., Shahbazi, M., Mohammadi, V., Hosseini-Salekdeh, G., Ahmadi, A., Mohseni-Fard, E., 2015. The impact of barley root structure and physiological traits on drought response. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 45(4), 553-563. [In Persian with English summary].
Khaleghi, E., Arzani, K., Moallemi, N., Barzega, M., 2014. Studying the effect of kaolin on fluorescence and chlorophyll content in leaves of olive plants (Olea europaea L. cv Dezful) under water deficit sress. Journal of Plant Production. 37(2), 127-139. [In Persian with English summary].
Kiani, S., Siadat, S.A., Moradi Telavat, M.R., Poshtdar, A., 2018.  Respond of yield, yield components and water use efficiency of some fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) ecotypes in irrigation regimes and folia application of humic acid. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34(1), 166-181. [In Persian with English summary].
Kochert, G., 1978. Carbohydrate determination by the phenol sulfuric acid metod. In: Helebust, J.A., Craig, S. (eds.), Handbook of Phycologia and Biochemical Methods. London: Cambridge University Press, pp. 95-97.
Lehmann, S., Funck, D., Szabdos, L., Rentsch, D., 2010. Proline metabolism and transport in plant development. Amino Acids. 39, 949-962.
Lichtenthaler, H.K., 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids pigments photosynthetic membranes. Methods in Enzymolgy. 148, 350-382.
Lotfi, M., Abbaszadeh, B., Mirza, M., 2014. The effect of drought stress on morphology, proline content and soluble carbohydrates of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 30(1), 19-29. [In Persian with English summary].
Moftah, A.E., Al-Humaid, A.R., 2005. Effect of antitranspirants on water relations and photosynthetic rate of cultivated tropical plant (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Polish Science, 7, 405-415.
Moghaddam, M., Alirezaei Noghondar, M., Selahvarzi, Y., Goldani, M., 2015. The effect of drought stress on some morphological and physicochemical characteristics of three cultivars of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 43 (3), 509-521. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Moreshet, S., Cohen, Y., Fuchs, M.E., 1979. Effect of increasing foliage reflectance on yield, growth, and physiological behavior of a dryland cotton crop. Crop Science. 19, 863-868.
Omidbaigi, R., 1997. Approaches to Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Tarahanee Nashr Publication. Tehran-Iran. Vol 2. 424 pp. [In Persian].
Omidbaigi, R., 2008. Production and Processing of medicinal plants. Astan'e Qods'e Razavi Publication, Iran. Vol 3. 397 pp. [In Persian].
Omidi, H., Movahadi Pouya, F., Movahadi Pouya, S.H., 2012. The effect of salicylic acid and scarification on germination characteristics and proline, protein and soluble carbohydrate content of Prosopis (Prosopis farcta L.) seedling under salt stress. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 18(4), 608-623. [In Persian with English summary].
Pandey, R.K., Maranville, J.W., Admoue, A., 2001. Tropical wheat response to irrigation and nitrojen in a Sahelian environment. I. Grain yield components and water use efficiency. European Journal of Agronomy. 15, 93 -105.
Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V., Vivekanandan, M., 2004. Drought induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology. 161, 1189-1202.
Sajjadi, S.E., 2006. Analysis of the essential oils of two cultivated basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) from Iran. Daru. 14(3), 128 - 30.
Samadi, A., Faramarzi, A., 2014. Effects of anti-transpiration spraying and irrigation cutting off on yield and yield components of sunflower hybrid of Farrokh as second crop at Miyaneh region, Iran. Agroecology Journal. 10(3), 47-59. [In Persian with English summary].
Sarmadnia, G. H., Koocheki, A., 1997. Crop Physiology. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press [In Persian].
Segura-Monroy, S., Uribe-Vallejo, A., Ramirez-Godoy, A., Restrepo-Diaz, H., 2015. Effect of Kaolin application on growth, water use efficiency, and leaf epidermis characteristics of Physalis peruviana L. seedlings under two irrigation regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 17, 1585-1596.
Selahvarzi, Y., Tehranifar, A., Gazanchian, A., 2008. Physiomorphological changes under drought stress and rewatering in endemic and exotic turfgrasses. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 9(3), 193-204. [In Persian with English abstract].
Sodaeeizadeh, H., Shamsaie, M., Tajamoliyan, M., Mirmohammady maibody, A.M., Hakimzadeh M.A., 2016. The Effects of Water Stress on some Morphological and physiological Characteristics of Satureja hortensis. Journal of Plant Process and Function Iranin Society of Plant Physiology. 5 (15): 1-12. [In Persian with English abstract].
Telci, I., Bayram, E., Yilmaz, G., AVC, B., 2006. Variability in essential oil composition of Turkish basils (Ocimum basilicum L.), Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 34, 489-97.
Toriurian, S.H., Pasari, B., Mohamadi, Kh., 2018. The Effect of folier application of kaolin clay and irrigation cut on the quantative characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Crop Physiology Journal- Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch. (37), 63- 49. [In Persian with English summary].
Verma, S., Dubeym, S., 2001. Effect of cadmium on soluble and enzymes of their metabolism in rice. Biology Plantrum. 1, 117-123.
Wand, S.J.E., Theron, K.I., Ackerman, J., Marais, S.J.S., 2006. Harvest and post-harvest apple fruit quality following applications of kaolin particle film in South African orchards. Scientia Horticulturae. 107, 271–276.
Weerkkody, P., Jobling, J., Infante, M., Rogers, G., 2009. The effect of maturity, sunburn and the application of sunscreens on the internal and external qualities of pomegranate fruit grown in Australia. Scientia Horticulturae. 124, 57-61.
Wunsche, J.N., Lombardini, L., Greer, D.H., 2004. 'Surround' particle film applications: effects on whole canopy physiology of apple. Acta Horticulturae. 636, 565-571.