نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح گیاهان باغی دانشگاه زابل
3 دانشجوی دکتری بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل
چکیده
تنش ناشی از فلزات سنگین یکی از مهمترین انواع تنش‌ها در اکوسیستم خاک است که باعث کاهش تولید محصول در واحد سطح می‌گردد. امروزه کاربرد ترکیبات فنولی و تنظیم‌کننده رشد گیاه مانند اسید سالیسیلیک به منظور کاهش آثار منفی ناشی تنش‌های مختلف مطرح است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، ارزیابی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر سمیت آرسنیک در گیاه ریحان پس از افزودن آرسنیک به خاک بود. این پژوهش در سال ۱۳۹۵ به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تنش آرسنیک در چهار سطح صفر (شاهد)، 10، 45، 80 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک سه سطح صفر (شاهد)، 1 و 2 میلی‌مولار بود. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن آرسنیک به طور معنی-داری وزن تر و خشک، سطح برگ و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی را کاهش و غلظت کربوهیدارت و آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی کاتالاز و پراکسیداز را افزایش داد. درحالی که محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر تمام صفات تاثیر معنی‌داری داشت؛ به طوری که غلظت 2 میلی‌مولار باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک، سطح برگ، کلروفیل a، b، کل و کارتنوئید و کاهش فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و پراکسیداز شد. در این بررسی اثر متقابل بین اسید سالیسیلیک و آرسنیک بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان معنی‌دار بود؛ و اسید سالیسیلیک نقش تعدیل کننده و کاهنده اثر منفی سمیت آرسنیک را بر این خصوصیات داشت. بنابراین با استناد به یافته‌های مطالعه حاضر و همچنین انجام تحقیقات تکمیلی می‌توان محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک را جهت بهبود رشد و کاهش سمیت آرسنیک در گیاه دارویی ریحان تحت تنش آرسنیک پیشنهاد کرد.
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