نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 استادیار گروه علوم خاک پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار گروه بیوتکنولوژی و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 دانشیار پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی کرج

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت اثرات تنش شوری در کاهش رشد گیاهان، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه (جداشده از گره‏ های گیاه یونجه) بر کاهش اثرات تنش شوری در گیاه یونجه انجام شد. بدین منظور 63 جدایه باکتریایی از گره‌های 13 نمونه گیاه یونجه کشت‌شده در مزارع استان قم جداسازی شد. میزان مقاومت به شوری و برخی ویژگی‏های محرک رشد این جدایه‏ ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. درنهایت، سه جدایه برتر شامل دو جدایه غیر ‏ریزوبیومی A36 و A37 و یک جدایه ریزوبیومی ARh29 برای آزمایش گلخانه‌ای انتخاب شدند. آزمایش گلخانه‏ ای به ‌صورت یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب فاکتوریل در سه تکرار انجام شد. سطوح شوری شامل صفر، 50، 100، 150 و 200 میلی‏مولار کلرید سدیم و سطوح باکتری شامل گیاهان تلقیح شده با جدایه‏ های A36 + A37، ARh29، A36 + A37 + ARh29، شاهد منفی (گیاهان بدون تلقیح باکتریایی و تغذیه‌شده با هوگلند فاقد نیتروژن) و شاهد مثبت (گیاهان بدون تلقیح باکتریایی و تغذیه‌شده با هوگلند حاوی نیتروژن) بودند. نتایج نشان داد سویه‏های باکتریایی در تمام سطوح شوری، توانستند وزن خشک گیاه و پرولین را در مقایسه با گیاهان بدون تلقیح باکتریایی افزایش دهند. همچنین سویه‌های باکتری جذب یون‌های پتاسیم را افزایش و جذب یون‌های سدیم را در گیاهان یونجه تحت تنش شوری کاهش دادند به ‏طوری‏که در شوری 200 میلی‏مولار، وزن خشک و میزان پرولین گیاهانی که با هر سه جدایه برتر به ‏طور هم‏‏زمان تلقیح شده بودند، 29% و 35% بیشتر از شاهد مثبت و همچنین نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم آن‌ها به میزان 36% بیشتر از شاهد مثبت بود. به ‌طور کلی، نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که گره‏های ریشه یونجه می‏تواند حاوی باکتری‏های غیر ریزوبیومی محرک رشد گیاه و مقاوم به شوری باشد که استفاده از آن‌ها به همراه باکتری‏های ریزوبیومی می‏تواند منجر به بهبود رشد گیاه یونجه تحت تنش شوری گردد.

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