نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استاد گروه ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 دانش‌آموخته دکتری ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

برای بهبود صفت پیچیده‌ای مانند عملکرد، یکی از مؤثرترین روش‌ها در گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های مطلوب، استفاده از گزینش غیرمستقیم برای عملکرد از طریق اجزای عملکرد و صفات وابسته به عملکرد می‌باشد. در این مطالعه به‌منظور درک روابط ژنتیکی بین خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گشنیز و انتخاب شاخص‌های گزینش غیرمستقیم، نتاج حاصل از تلاقی‌‎ دی‌آلل 6 ژنوتیپ گشنیز در نسل‌های F1 و F2 موردارزیابی قرار گرفتند. ژنوتیپ‌های مورد‌بررسی در سه شرایط متفاوت آبیاری به‌طور جداگانه در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در هر آزمایش در سال زراعی 95-1394 مورد ‌ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. صفات ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد برگ، تعداد شاخه در گیاه، تعداد چتر در گیاه، تعداد چتر بارور در گیاه، تعداد دانه در گیاه، وزن هزار دانه، وزن دانه در گیاه یا عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، میزان اسانس دانه، میزان روغن دانه، عملکرد اسانس، عملکرد روغن، محتوای کلروفیل SPAD، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفبل کل، کارتنوئید، میزان رطوبت نسبی و نشت یونی مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که صفات روز تا گلدهی، محتوای کلروفیل SPAD، میزان رطوبت نسبی، تعداد دانه و وزن هزار دانه با توجه به همبستگی ژنتیکی معنی‌دار با عملکرد دانه و داشتن کنترل ژنتیکی افزایشی و وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی بالا، می‌توانند به‌عنوان شاخص‌های مناسب در برنامه‌های اصلاحی برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های با عملکرد دانه بالا در شرایط تنش خشکی در مزرعه مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. همچنین با توجه به همبستگی ژنتیکی مثبت بین عملکرد دانه با سایر صفات مهم اقتصادی (میزان اسانس دانه، میزان روغن دانه، عملکرد اسانس و عملکرد روغن) در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که بهبود عملکرد دانه باعث بهبود همزمان صفات اقتصادی دیگر می‌شود.

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