نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه کشاورزی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرری
چکیده
با توجه به اهمیت گیاه دارویی مریم گلی سهندی (.Salvia sahendica L) در صنایع مختلف ازجمله داروسازی، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک، درصد و عملکرد اسانس این گیاه در سال 1395 در شهرستان مبارکه انجام گردید. سطوح تنش خشکی شامل دور آبیاری 4 روزه (شاهد)، 8، 12 و 16روزه بود که در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در شرایط مزرعه اجرا گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس حاصل از نرم افزار MSTAT-C نشان داد، کاربرد سطوح مختلف دور آبیاری بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک، درصد و عملکرد اسانس اثر معنی‌دار دارد. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها، بیشترین میزان نسبی آب برگ (95%)،کلروفیل کل، a و b به ترتیب با میانگین 2.47، 1.32، 0.98 میلی‌گرم برگرم مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. بالاترین پتانسیل آب برگ (1.78- مگاپاسکال)، تجمع پرولین (3.1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) و نشت الکترولیت (57.7%) را دور آبیاری 16 روزه نشان داد. حداکثر میزان قند محلول، درصد و عملکرد اسانس به ترتیب با میانگین 2.55 میلی‌گرم بر گرم، 0.3 درصد و 14.3 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به دور آبیاری 12 روزه بود. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد، این گیاه در مواجه با تنش خشکی از طریق افزایش انباشت میزان پرولین و قندهای محلول (تنظیم اسمزی) به تنش آبی مقاومت نشان می‌دهد. بررسی همبستگی صفات نشان داد، بین کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb، با پرولین، قندهای محلول، درصد و عملکرد اسانس رابطه منفی حاکم است. زیرا در شرایط بدون تنش که مقدار کلروفیل aدر حداکثر مقدار خود قرار دارد، پرولین، قندهای محلول و اسانس بسیار اندک تولید می‌شوند. به طور کلی، با توجه به عدم تفاوت معنی‌دار شاخص‌های فیزیواوژیک در دورهای 8 و 12 روزه نسبت به شاهد می‌توان با اطمینان 95% نتیجه گرفت که رژیم آبیاری بهینه برای تولید درصد بیشتر اسانس و استفاده از این گیاه در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک دور آبیاری 12 روزه می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi ashourabadi, E., Lebaschi, M.H., Naderi Hajibagher Kandy, M., Moghadami, F., 2008. The effect of drought stress on proline contents, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and relative water contents of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 23(4), 504-53. [In Persian with English Summary].
Ahmadi, A., Sio-Se Mardeh, A., 2005. The effects of water stress on soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll and proline contents of four Iranian wheat cultivars under different moisture regimes. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 3(35), 753-763. [In Persian with English Summary].
Arnon, D.I., 1994. Copper enzymes in lsolated chloroplasts, polyphenol oxidas in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24, 1-15.
Askary, M., Behdani, M.A., Parsa, S., Jamialahmadi, M., Mahmoodi, S., 2017. Effects of water stress and manure on stomatal conductance, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative yield of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 33(5), 793-811. [In Persian with English Summary].
Babaee, K., Amini Dehghi, M., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M., Jabbar, R., 2010. Water deficit effect on morphology, prolin content and thymol percentage of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 26(2), 239-251. [In Persian with English Summary].
Baher Nik, Z., Rezaee, M. B., Ghorbanli, M., Asgari, F., Araghi, M. K., 2004. Research on the changes of metabolism in response to water stress in Satureja hortensis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 20(3), 263-275. [In Persian with English Summary].
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P., Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress study. Plant and Soil. 39, 205-207.
Bettaieb, I., Zakhama, N., Aidi Wannes, W., Kchouk M.E., Marzouk, B., 2010. Water deficit effects on Salvia officinalis fatty acids and essential oils composition. Scientia Horticulturae. 120, 271-275.
Blum, A., Ebercon, A., 2001. Cell membrane stability as a measure of ought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Science. 21, 43-47.
Charles, D. J., Simon, J. E., 1990. Comparison of extraction methods for the rapid determination of essential oil content and composition of basil. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 115(3), 458-462.
Dashti, M., Kafi, M., Tavakoli, H., Mirza, M., 2015. The effect of water deficit stress on water relationships, photosynthesis and osmolithic accumulation in the Salvia leriifolia Benth Medicinal Plant. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12(4), 813-821. [In Persian with English Summary].
Draikewicz, M., 2004. Chlorophylase occurrence functions, mechanism of action, effect of extra and internal factors. Phtosyth. 30, 321-337.
Ebrahimi. M., Zamani, Gh.R., Alizadeh., Z., 2017. A study on the effects of water deficit on physiological and yield-related traits of pot Marigold (Calendulaofficinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 33(3), 492-508. [In Persian with English Summary].
Efeoglu, B., Ekmekci, Y., Cicek, N., 2009. Physiological responses of three maize cultivars to drought stress and recovery. South African Journal of Botany. 75(1), 34-42.
Eiasu B.K., Steyn, J.M., Soundy, P., 2012. Physiomorphological response of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) to irrigation frequency. South African Journal of Botany. 78, 96-103.
Farhadi, A., Daneshvar, M., Eisvand, H.R., Nazarian Firoozabadi, F., 2018. Effects of humic acid on morpho -physiological characteristics, yield components and essential oil of Matiricaria chamomilla L. under water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 33(6), 1060-1071. [In Persian with English Summary].
Heidari, N., Pouryousef, M., Tavakoli, A., 2015. Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis, its parameters and relative water content of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Research. 27 (5), 829-839. [In Persian with English Summary].
Jafarzadeh, L., Omidi, H., Bostani, A.A., 2013. Effect of drought stress and bio-fertilizer on flower yield, photosynthesis pigments and proline content of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 29(3), 666- 680. [In Persian with English Summary].
Khorasaninejad S., Mousavi A., Soltanloo H., Hemmati Kh., Khalighi A., 2011. The effect of drought stress on growth parameters, essential oil yield and constituent of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(22), 5360-5365.
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Azizi, G., 2004. Thec effect of water stress and defoliation on some of quantitative traits of Zataria multiflora, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Thymus vulgaris and Teucrium polium. Iranian Crop Researches. 2(1), 89-105. [In Persian with English Summary].
Koocheki, A., Sabet Teimouri, M., 2012. Effect of irrigation intervals, fertilizer type and harvesting stage on the percentage and essential oil yield of three medicinal plants: Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) and Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) under Mashhad conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(3), 485-494. [In Persian].
Lotfi, M., Abbaszadeh, B., Mirza, M., 2014. The effect of drought strees on morphology, proline content and soluble carbohydrates of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 30(1), 19-29. [In Persian with English Summary].
Ludlow M.M., 1989. Strategies in response to water stress. p. 269-281. In: H. K. Kreeb et al. (eds.). Structural and Functional Response to Environmental Stress: Water Shortage. SPB Academic Press, the Netherlands.
Mahajan S., Tuteja N., 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stress: an overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 444, 139-158.
McCready, R. M., Guggolz, J. Silviera V., Owens, H. S., 1950. Determination of starch and amylase in vegetables. Analytical Chemistry. 22, 1156-1158.
Mohammadi Alborzi, M., Safikhani, F., Sinaki, M., Abbaszadeh, B., 2013. The effect of drought strees on dry matter yield and essential oils of Anisum (Pimpinella anisum L.). Crop Production in Environmental Strees. 5(1), 11-22. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mousavi, S.G.R., Seghatoleslami, M.J., Ansarinia, E., Javadi, H., 2012. The effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water use effeciency of Calendula officinalis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 28(3), 493-508. [In Persian with English Summary].
Munne, S., Schwarz, K., Alegre, L., Horvath, G., Szigeti, Z., 2009. Alpha-tocopherol protection against drought, induced damage in Rosmarinus officinalis L and Melissa officinalis L. p. 505-512. Proceedings of an International Workshop. 23- 26 August. 2009. Tata, Hungary.
Omid Beigi, R., 2008. Focusing on medicinal plant in low-yielding land, a strategy for sustainable employment. P. 410-407. Proceeding of the 1th International Conference on Sustainable Agricultural Development and Management in Iran, 8-10 Jul. 2004. Ahvaz, Iran.
Page, A.L., 1992. Methods of soil Analysis. ASA and SSSA Publishers Madison WI.
Pirzad, A., Shakiba, M.R., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Mohammadi, S.A., Darvishzadeh, R., Samadi, A., 2011. Effect of water stress on leaf relative water content, chlorophyll, proline and soluble carbohydrates in Matricaria chamomilla L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(12), 2483-2488. [In Persian with English Summary].
Radacsi, P., Inotai, K., Sarosi, S., Czovek, P., Bernath, J., Nemeth, E., 2010. Effect of water supply on the physiological characteristic and production of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). European Journal of Horticultural Science. 75, 193-197.
Raasam, Gh., Dadkhah, A., Khoshnood Yazdi, A., 2015. Evaluation of water deficit on morphological and physiological traits of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 10 (5), 1-12. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rasouli, D., Fakheri, B., 2016. Effects of drought stress on quantitative and qualitative yield, physiological characteristics and essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum americanum L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 32(5), 900-914. [In Persian with English Summary].
Refaat, A.M., Saleh, M.M., 1997. The combined effect of irrigation intervals and foliar nutrition on sweet basil plants. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture University of Cairo. 48, 515-527.
Safikhani, F., Heydari sharifabad, H., Syadat, A., Sharifi ashorabadi, A., Syednedjad, M., Abbaszadeh, B., 2009. The effect of drought stress on percentage and yield of essential oil and physiological characteristics of Deracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 23(1), 86-99. [In Persian with English Summary].
Sadeghi, A., Etemadi, N., Shams, M., Niyazmand, F., 2014. Effect of drought stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of Festuca arundinaceae Schreb and Agropyron desertorum. Journal of Horticultural Science. 28(4), 553-544. [In Persian].
Shamsi, K. 2010. The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water content, proline, soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll of bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. (8)3, 1051- 1060.
Singh, M., Ramesh, S., 2000. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on herbage, oil yield and water-use efficiency in rosemary grown under semi-arid tropical conditions. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences. 22 (1B), 659-662.
Sodaei Zadeh, H., Shamsaei, M., Tajamoleian, M., Mirmohamadi Mibodisadeghi, S.A.M, Hakimzadeh, M.A., 2016. Effect of drought stress on some morphological and physiological traits of satureja plant. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 5(15), 1-12. [In Persian with English Summary].
Wang F., Zeng B., Sun Z., Zhu C., 2009. Relationship between proline and Hg+2-induced oxidative stress in tolerant rice mutant. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 56 (4), 723-731.
Yamasaki, S., Dillenburg, L.R., 1999. Measurements of leaf relative water content in Araucaria angustifolia. Revista Brasilleira de Fisiologia Vegetal. 11(2), 69-75.
Zhao, Y., Aspinall, D., Paleg, L.G., 1992. Protection of membrane integrity in Medicago sativa L. by glycinebetaine against the effects of freezing. Journal Plant Physiology. 140, 541-543.
Zhiming, F.W., Hang, H., Iaofei, X., Zhaolin, S., Chunchao, H., 2013. The pharmacological properties of Salvia essential oil. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 3(7), 122-127.
)