نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز

2 گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز

چکیده

بمنظور بررسی واکنش‌ ارقام‌ ذرت به کم‌آبی در شرایط کاربرد و عدم کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا (Glomus mossea) بر روی برخی صفات ذرت آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل بر پایه‌ ‌طرح بلوک‌های‌ کامل تصادفی طی دو سال 1394 و 1395 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده ‌کشاورزی دانشگاه‌ آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل کم‌آبی بر اساس تبخیر از تشتک کلاس A در دو سطح ‌70 میلی‌متر (به عنوان شاهد) و 140 میلی‌متر (به عنوان تنش) و عامل فرعی شامل 14 ترکیب فاکتوریل کاربرد و عدم کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا (گونه گلوموس موسه) روی هفت رقم ‌ذرت (260، ‌301،400، 4015، 703،‌704و 705) بودند. صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری مشتمل بر محتوی رطوبت نسبی برگ، میزان شاخص کلروفیل، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد بلال در بوته، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد ردیف دانه، وزن 300 صد دانه و عملکرد‌ دانه بود. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که اثر متقابل سال در تنش در رقم و همچنین تنش در رقم در مایکوریزا روی عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به سینگل‌کراس 301 و در شرایط بدون تنش با میانگین 760 گرم بر متر مربع بود. در حالی که کمترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به سینگل‌کراس 4015 در شرایط کم‌آبی با میانگین 392 گرم بر متر مربع بود. بیشترین عملکرد در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش کم‌آبی به ترتیب در سینگل‌کراس 703 و 301 و در شرایط کاربرد مایکوریزا به ترتیب با میانگین 765 و 720 گرم بر متر مربع بود. به عبارتی قارچ مایکوریزا در برخی از ارقام در شرایط تنش اثر مثبت روی عملکرد داشت. برآورد همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که در هر دو شرایط آبیاری نرمال و تنش کم‌آبی، عملکرد دانه بیشترین همبستگی را با وزن 300 صد دانه داشت.

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