نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
2 استاد گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
3 استادیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
4 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه
چکیده
تنش خشکی یک تنش غیرزنده است که به عنوان یکی از عوامل مهم کاهش‌دهنده رشد محصولات کشاورزی در بیشتر نقاط جهان مخصوصاً ایران بوده و منجر به تنش اکسیداتیو می‌شود. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی، پژوهشی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی زابل به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1395-1396 انجام گرفت. فاکتور اول گونه‌های گندم (تائوشی، اسپلتوئیدز، اورارتو، شبرنگ، بهرنگ، سیستان، ارگ) و فاکتور دوم سطوح آبیاری (90، 70، 50 و 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تنش خشکی بر غلظت پروتئین، کلروفیل a، b، کاروتنوئید، آنزیم کاتالاز، سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و مالون دی‌آلدئید تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. این در حالی است که با افزایش تنش میزان آسکوربات پراکسیداز متغیر بود به‌طوری‌که ابتدا افزایش و سپس کاهش یافت. این وضعیت نشان‌دهنده فعال شدن سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی در گونه‌های مختلف گندم برای افزایش تحمل به خشکی است. پروتئین، کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید با افزایش تنش خشکی تا سطح 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی ابتدا افزایش و با شدیدتر شدن تنش باعث کاهش این مقادیر شد. احتمالا فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی مانع از تجزیه پروتیئن و سایر اجزاسلولی شده است. در این تحقیق رقم شبرنگ نسبت به دیگر ارقام برتری داشت در حالی که کمترین مقادیر مربوط به گونه هگزاپلوئید سیستان بود.
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