نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل
2 دانشیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
3 مربی پژوهشکده کشاورزی و پژوهشکده زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل
چکیده
خشکی یک عامل محیطی مهم محدودکننده کشت گندم و دیگر محصولات کشاورزی در سراسر جهان است. گندم ازجمله گیاهانی است که به دلیل سازگاری ژنوتیپهای آن به شرایط متفاوت محیطی و جنبه های مختلف مصرف آن در مناطق وسیعی از جهان با شرایط آب و هوایی مختلف کشت میشود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی الگوی بیان ژن TaNAC67 و همچنین تغییرات آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز و میزان پرولین پنج رقم گندم زراعی منطقه سیستان (هامون، هیرمند، کویر، بولانی و کراس بولانی)تحت سطوح مختلفتنش خشکی بود. ابتدا بذور پنج رقم گندم به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در شرایط گلخانه کشت داده شد. 45 روز پس از کشت، اعمال تنش خشکی با اعمال سطوح مختلف رطوبتی (5، 10، 15، 20 و 25 درصد) انجام و میزان اسیدآمینه پرولین و آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز نیز اندازه گیری شد. به‌منظور بررسی الگوی بیان ژن‌های مرتبط با فاکتورهای رونویسی TaNAC67 از برگ‌های گیاه نمونه‌برداری شد و پس از استخراج RNA و سنتز cDNA، بررسی الگوی بیان ژن‌های موردنظر بااستفاده از روش Real-time PCR و تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از فرمول Ratio = 2-ΔΔCT و نرم‌افزار SAS نسخه 9.1 انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تجزیه واریانس، اثر سطوح رطوبتی و اثرات متقابل سطوح رطویتی در رقم بر بیان نسبی ژن NAC و میزان اسیدآمینه پرولین و آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز معنیدار شد. با افزایش سطوح تنش خشکی از سطح 20 تا 5 درصد ظرفیت زراعی نسبت به سطح نرمال (25 درصد)، میزان بیان نسبی ژن NAC و همچنین میزان پرولین و پلی فنل اکسیداز در ارقام هیرمند و سپس کراس بولانی بیشتر بود. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، در بین 5 رقم موردبررسی گندم نان، می‌توان این‌گونه عنوان کرد که رقم هیرمند عکس‌العمل بهتری نسبت به تنش خشکی نشان داد.
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