Ahmad Nezami; Surur Khoramdel; Mahdi Nassiri-Mahallati; Ali Asghar Mohammad-Abadi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of fall planting on yield and yield components of five cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) landraces a field trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design as a split-plot with three replications during 2006-07 growing season at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of fall planting on yield and yield components of five cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) landraces a field trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design as a split-plot with three replications during 2006-07 growing season at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Three fall planting dates (17 Oct. (first), 16 Nov. (second) and 16 Dec. (third)) and five cumin landraces (Torbat Heydarieh, Khaf, Sabzevar, Ghaen and Ghoochan) were allocated to main and sub plots, respectively. Results showed that there were significant differences between planting dates, cumin landraces and their interactions for winter survival percentage, umbel per plant, seeds per umbel, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index (HI). There was a reduction on umbel per- plant and seed per- umbel due to delay in planting date from 17 Oct. to 16 Dec. The highest winter survival percentage, seed yield and biological yield and also HI were achieved on the third planting date. Also, the maximum and minimum seed yield were observed in Ghaen in the third planting date and Khaf in the second planting date with 62.5 gm-2 and 12.1 gm-2, respectively. According to these results and for the deployment of cumin fall planting in other locations of province, further studies are recommended.
Mehrnoosh Eskandary Torbaghan; Ali Reza Astaraei; Masoud Eskandary Torbaghan; Ali Ganjali
Abstract
Salinity stress has an important role in reducing crop production. Chlorine and Sulfate toxicity in waters and soils are the main factor in reducing growth and yield of most of plants. Tolerance and sensitive indices related to Cl and SO4 in irrigation water and effect of nitrogen fertilizer on barley ...
Read More
Salinity stress has an important role in reducing crop production. Chlorine and Sulfate toxicity in waters and soils are the main factor in reducing growth and yield of most of plants. Tolerance and sensitive indices related to Cl and SO4 in irrigation water and effect of nitrogen fertilizer on barley yield was evaluated in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications, under greenhouse condition. Quantitative indices of stress tolerance such as mean productivity (MP), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), reduction yield ratio (Yr) and stress tolerance index (STI) were calculated. Results showed that STI had a positive and high significantly correlation with grain yield and plant biomass. Correlation of grain yield and plant biomass with STI index showed that the negative effect of Cl anion was more than SO4 in barley tolerance to salinity. Also Cl/SO4 anion ratios 1:3 and 1:2 in grain yield and 1:2 and 1:1 in plant biomass imposed highest tolerant in salinity compared to non stress conditions.
Hamzeh Hamzeh; Jalal Saba; Farhad Jabari; Jaber Nassiri; Seyed Mohammad Alavi Hosseini
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate of narrow sense heritability of grain yield and its component, genetic and phenotypic correlation between these traits and yield. Two parent, Sardari and SON 64, with 50 F3 generations resulted of cross between them were planted in RCBD design in three replication. ...
Read More
This study was conducted to estimate of narrow sense heritability of grain yield and its component, genetic and phenotypic correlation between these traits and yield. Two parent, Sardari and SON 64, with 50 F3 generations resulted of cross between them were planted in RCBD design in three replication. For measurement of these traits sampling was carried out before and after harvest. Estimation of genetic parameters was conducted considering the importance of genetic variation between and within generations. The maximum narrow sense heritability was detected for harvest index (h2n = %76.4) and the minimum narrow sense heritability was found for number of tiller (h2n = %5.9). The estimated value of narrow-sense heritability for grain yield was % 64.4. The additive effect was more important than number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index. Dominants effect was also more important than additive effects for number of tiller and length of awn. Yield had positive genetic correlation with seed in spike, number of tiller and biomass and negative correlation with length of awn and harvest index. Therefore, selection based on yield biomass and number of seed in spike due to high narrow sense heritability and genetic correlation with yield can supply favorable genetic gain. Finally, based on our results, we suggest that for increasing in seed yield of wheat under rainfed conditions, these latter two traits for indirect selection can be useful.
Narges Khamdi; Ahmad Nezami; AbdolReza Bagheri
Abstract
Although some cold tolerant lentils have been recognized for fall planting in the highlands of Northeastern Iran, it is requires more information about the growth and development of these accessions. This study was carried out to evaluate the phenology and morphology of cold hardy lentils in fall planting. ...
Read More
Although some cold tolerant lentils have been recognized for fall planting in the highlands of Northeastern Iran, it is requires more information about the growth and development of these accessions. This study was carried out to evaluate the phenology and morphology of cold hardy lentils in fall planting. Nineteen lentil genotypes were sown during 2007-2008 growing season at the Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in completely randomized design with three replications. Days from planting to emergence, vegetative and reproductive duration, growth stage and growth type before severe cold, height of plant at harvest time and number and length of branches per plant were determined. There were significant differences (p≤0.05) among genotypes for these characteristics. MLC25 and MLC20 with 7 and 10 days had the lowest emergence duration. MLC185 with 8 leaves had the most growth rate before cold. Growth type in 5, 8 and 6 genotypes was erect, semi-spread and spread, respectively. MLC29, MLC20 with 159 days and local landrace with 157 days had the most vegetative duration. MLC29 with 43cm was the tallest genotype. The most number of branches were observed in local landrace and MLC20 with 20 and 18 branches, respectively. MLC20 with 340 cm and local landrace with 324 cm had the longest branches. Positive and significantly correlation were observed between vegetative and reproductive growth durations with plant height (r=0.61** and r= 0.57**) number of branches per plant (r=0.77** and r=0.57**) and length of the branches per plant (r=0.73** and r=0.49**), respectively. Also correlation between vegetative growth and reproductive growth was positive and significant (r=0.71**).
Samira Ali; Seyed Vahid Eslami; Mohammad Ali Behdani; Majid Jami Al-Ahmadi
Abstract
In order to study the influence of seed treatment with glycinebetaine (GB) on alleviating the negative effect of salinity stress at germination and early seedling growth stage of corn, a factorial experiment was conducted based on CRD with three replications. Seeds were soaked for 24 hours at different ...
Read More
In order to study the influence of seed treatment with glycinebetaine (GB) on alleviating the negative effect of salinity stress at germination and early seedling growth stage of corn, a factorial experiment was conducted based on CRD with three replications. Seeds were soaked for 24 hours at different GB levels including 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mM and then were placed in petri dish. To apply salinity stress, NaCl solutions at different levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS.m-1) were added to the Petri dishes. Results indicated that all measured parameters showed a significant negative response to salinity. Seed treatment with GB, however, caused a significant increase in germination percentage and length and fresh weight of radicle and coleoptile. This experiment showed that seed treatment with GB had a positive effect on reducing the effect of salinity stress and using GB proved its positive effect up to the salinity level of 10 dS. m-1. Comparison of the means showed that GB concentration of 4 mM provided the best situation in alleviating the salinity stress at germination stage and was in the highest statistical level. It is notable that GB concentration of 16 mM caused a negative impact on germination characteristics.
Mojtaba Hosseini; Gholam Reza Zamani; Masoud Khazaei
Abstract
In order to study the germination response of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) seeds to osmotic and matric potential due to sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol 6000, two separate experiments were carried out based on completely randomized design with five replications in controlled environment. ...
Read More
In order to study the germination response of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) seeds to osmotic and matric potential due to sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol 6000, two separate experiments were carried out based on completely randomized design with five replications in controlled environment. Osmotic and matric potential had five Levels (0, -0.3, -5, -10 and -15 bars). Results indicated that germination rate, germination percentage and also weight of radicle, weight of plumule, weight of seedling, radicle/plumule weight ratio, length of radicle, length of plumule and radicle/ plumule length ratio, were decreased significantly as stress intensity increased. Drought stress had more inhibitory effects on germination rate and percentage and -15 bar caused complete failure in germination. Effect of drought stress was more pronounced on length of radicle and plumule compared with the effects of salinity. In both drought and salinity stresses, percentage reduction for plumule length was higher than radical length which indicate the higher sensitivity of this trait to drought and salinity stress.
Ahmad Jafarnezhad; Ghadir Taheri; Ali Akbar Rahchamanie
Abstract
Wheat is the most important crop worldwide, which may experience drought stress germination and grain filling period. Effects of drought stress at these stages reveal at the same season and at the future crop season respectively. In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress on seed vigor, a laboratory ...
Read More
Wheat is the most important crop worldwide, which may experience drought stress germination and grain filling period. Effects of drought stress at these stages reveal at the same season and at the future crop season respectively. In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress on seed vigor, a laboratory experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement in a randomized completely design with three replications during 2008. The factors consisted four genotypes (Pishtaz, Marvdasht, DN-11, and WS-82-9) and five water potential (zero, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa). Results showed that genotypes, drought stress levels and their interactions, have significant effects on length, fresh and dry weight of radicle and plumule, also with reducing water potential all measured traits were decreased, but this reduction, was greater in plumule than radicle. These different responses caused higher Root/Shoot ratio. Also germination percent decreased more than germination rate due to drought stress. Although tolerance to water stress at grain filling period somewhat decreased seed vigor, but there wasn’t any relationship between drought tolerance at germination stage with terminal drought stress tolerate. Among these genotypes, Pishtaz and DN-11 tolerated to drought stress, Marvdasht and WS-82-9 were intermediate and sensitive to water stress at germination stage respectively.
Zeinab Rahimi; Mohammad Kafi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different drought levels on germination of purslane )Portulaca oleracea L.) seeds,an experiment was conducted under eight negative water potentials (0, -0,25, -0,5, -0,75, -0,1, -1,25, -1,5 and -17,5 MPa) using a completely randomized design with five replications. Increasing ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of different drought levels on germination of purslane )Portulaca oleracea L.) seeds,an experiment was conducted under eight negative water potentials (0, -0,25, -0,5, -0,75, -0,1, -1,25, -1,5 and -17,5 MPa) using a completely randomized design with five replications. Increasing water potential significantly decreased percentage and rate of germination, length and dry weight of radicle and plumule, ratio of root to shoot length and seedling vigor index and increased the mean germination time. But these changes occurred after a threshold, e.g. negative potential more than -0.75 MPa negatively affected germination percentage and ratio of root to shoot length. In addition rate of germination and average germination duration decreased after in potentials more than -0.5 MPa. Ratio of root to shoot length was not significant different up to -1.25 MPa, and then significantly decreased. As a result, purslane germination can be extremely tolerable to drought conditions so it seems that this plant can be established in arid and semi-arid regions.
Mohammad Taghi Ebadi; Majid Azizi; Akram Farzaneh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt stress on germination characteristics of four cultivars of chamomile. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors in three replications was conducted in Research Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt stress on germination characteristics of four cultivars of chamomile. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors in three replications was conducted in Research Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2008. The first factor included 5 salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) that induced with NaCl and second factor included 4 cultivars of chamomile: Bona (diploid), Germania (diploid), Goral (tetraploid) and Lutea (tetraploid). According to the results, different levels of salt stress and cultivar had significant effect on measured characteristics. Results showed that all the measured characteristics were decreased significantly due to salinity stress. Goral cultivar had a significant dominance to all other cultivars in 50, 100 and 150 mM, NaCl treatments and its germination rate was 36.03 and 23.3 percent, at 100 and 150 mM respectively. Plumule length decreased more than radicle length in salt stress. Different cultivars of chamomile with diversity in genotype have different responses to salt stress. It seems that Goral cultivar showed the highest salinity tolerance in germination stage within studied cultivars.
