The journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences follows the guidelines of the International Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)

Terms and Conditions of Submitting Manuscripts

• All submitted manuscripts are checked for similarity through Hamyab softwareto ensure their authenticity to be assured about its originality.
• Having an (ORCID) for all authors is nessessary.
• Please read the "Paper Preparation Guide" carefully and follow all the items. Note that if you do not follow the guidelines, the manuscript will not be included in the review process.
• Do not include the name or any information (such as e-mail) of the authors in the "manuscript main file" of the manuscript when submitting. The names of the authors will be included in the article file only at the time of revise and acceptance version.
• Name, complete affiliation and email of all the authors  should be send in the form of a file titled "Affiliation form". This file should be include: the full title of the article, the name of the author or authors (the name of the corresponding author should be marked with an asterisk), academic rank and the name of the institution or university or the place of employment, the full address of the corresponding author including: telephone number and Electronic post
• organizational affiliation of the authors should be entered correctly such as (educational department, faculty, university (educational institution), city, country). 
• Authors are  advised to fix the name of the corresponding author, as well as the order of authors' names at the time of the submission. The order of the authors in the journal website should be the same as the "Affiliation form".
• Completion and submission of the Commitment form, Conflict of interest form and Affiliation form is mandatory.
• The journal is free to reject, accept and edit the article.
• The authors are responsible for the scientific content of the article. 
• Changes of authorship by adding or deleting authors, and/or changes in ‘corresponding author’, and/or changes in the sequence of authors are not allowed after acceptance of a manuscript.
• note that Acceptance certificates are automatically issued based on the names registered in the journal management system, and author names will be published exactly as they appear on the accepted submission.
  
  
  

Different types of articles

Research Articles: The research articles should describe new and carefully confirmed findings, and experimental procedures should be given in sufficient detail to verify the research. The length of a full article should not be longer than 15 printed pages (about 25 manuscript pages).

Short Communications: A short communication is suitable for recording the results of complete small investigations or giving details of new models or hypotheses, innovative methods, techniques or apparatus. Short communications are 2 to 4 printed pages (about 6 to 10 manuscript pages) in length.

Review Articles: Submissions of reviews and perspectives covering topics of current interest are welcome and encouraged. Reviews should be comprehensive and based on the author's studies, and no longer than 15 printed pages (about 20 to 30 manuscript pages).

Guides for authors to prepare articles (article structure)

• All articles must be submitted in Farsi (Persian) along with an extended English abstract.
• The Manuscript should be at most 15 pages (regardless of the extended English abstract) with 21.8 · 29 cm paper size (A4) with 3 cm margins on all sides and 1.5 lines spacing in legible letters and single column.
• Avoid writing non-Persian words throughout the manuscript as much as possible (Use a footnote if necessary). Footnote numbering should restart each page.
• Include page numbers in the manuscript file (including pages with figures, tables or images). The text of your paper must have line numbering (restart each page) - this is an essential peer review requirement.
• Use B Nazanin 14 font for Persian and Times New Roman 12 font for English texts (except for specified cases).
• The rules of Persian language writing should be fully followed.
• Authors are strongly encouraged to use the Paknevis plug-in in Word. This plugin can be downloaded from https://paknevis.ir
  
  

New submission

It is necessary to upload the following files by the corresponding author during the original manuscript submission:

1. Title page (as a separate file) including Title, all authors names and full addresses, and corresponding author’s postal and email address (both in Persian and English)
2. The main article (without authors’ name)
3. Letter to the editor
4. Conflict of interest form
5. Detecting Similarity Certification from Hamanandjoo website (https://tik.irandoc.ac.ir/), with uploading whole article. This certificate must be uploaded at the time of submitting. The ID and email address for obtaining the certificate from Hamanandjoo website are as follows:

• ID: LWJVKH
• Email: mjamialahmadi@birjand.ac.ir

Note: The maximum acceptable amount of similarity for the entire manuscript (except the list of references) is 20%.

Revised submission

Following the completion of peer reviewing process, it is necessary for the corresponding author to upload the following files:

1. Revised manuscript with changes highlighted. Changes should be highlighted for each referee with a separate color.
2. Clean version of revised manuscript
3. A full response letter to editor and reviewer(s) comments.
   
   

Article structure 

1. Title: Specific, descriptive, concise, and comprehensible to readers outside the field. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. The title should not exceed 300 characters.
2. Persian Abstract: The Abstract should be a single paragraph of not more than 300 words, clearly stating the objective of the study or review, the methods used (where applicable), and summarizing the most important results and conclusions. Avoid abbreviations and references in this section.
3. Keywords: Immediately after the abstract, provide a 4 to 6 keywords describing the manuscript. The keywords must be different from the words used in the title of the article.
4. Introduction: The introduction should include a brief review of the relevant literature, defining the problem addressed and why it is important. Follow this with a brief statement of the overall objectives (goals) of the study.
5. Materials and methods: In this section, enough and clear details should be provided about the location and method of conducting the research along with the protocols used in measuring, collecting and analyzing the data. Please refrain from the full description of well-established methods and protocols and only cite references where those protocols are described in detail, otherwise provide full details of any modifications.
6. Results and discussion: These sections may all be separated, or may be combined. In this part, the findings of the research should be described in a way that leads to the clear reader’s understanding of the data presented in the text, figures and tables. The use of words such as diagram, graph, map, image, etc. should be avoided and only the term “Figure” need to be All data should be presented in only one form (figure or table). Referencing and mentioning others studies is permitted where necessary or helpful, but avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
7. Conclusion: The main conclusions of the research findings considering the objectives of the experiment, and potential future directions for research should be noted in this section.
8. Acknowledgment: If there is a need to thank institutions and individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet authorship criteria, list them in the Acknowledgments with a brief description of the contribution. This section should be included before the references.
9. References: All references cited in the text must be included in the reference list and vice versa.

In the text:

• Cite references with one or two authors in the text using the authors’ names and publication year (e.g., Karimi, 2009; Johnson and McKarty, 2012). Use ‘et al.’ for articles with more than two authors (e.g., Salimi et al., 2013). Where there are several citations, list them in chronological order.
• Avoid citing authors’ names at the beginning of the sentence and cite reference(s) at the end of the sentence in parentheses. If a reference is inevitably cited at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence, the authors’ names in Farsi should be given first, followed by their English name and the year in parentheses.
  
  

In the reference list:

• References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters “a”, “b”, “c”, etc., placed after the year of publication.
• All references must be in English, so Persian references must be translated to English and the Solar Hijri (Shamsi) year must also be returned to the Gregorian.
• If the reference is in a non-English language but has an English summary, the title of the reference must be given in accordance with the English summary and the original language must be cited at the end of reference in parentheses, such as: [In Persian with English summary]. If there is no English summary, it is enough to mention the main language of the reference, such as: [In Persian].
• The English version of title of Persian articles and journals should be in accordance with the English abstract of the articles and the website of the journal itself. Strictly avoid translating them by yourself.
• The titles of all scientific journals must be given in full. Avoid abbreviating the names of journals.
• Use of the DOI is highly recommended.
• All the References in the text should be linked to the refrences listed at the end of manuscript, using the Bookmark and Hyperlink options (in WORD) and marked with blue color for the link.

Example formats are listed below.

• Journal articles:

Sio-Se Mardeh, A., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K., Mohammadi, V., 2006. Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Research. 98, 222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.02.001

Alebrahim, M.T., Janmohammadi, M., Sharifzade, F., Tokasi, S., 2008. Evaluation of salinity and drought stress effects on germination and early growth of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines (short technical report). Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1(2), 43-64. [In Persian with English summary].

• Books:

Ashraf, M., Harris, P.J.C., 2005. Abiotic Stresses: Plant Resistance through Breeding and Molecular Approaches. Haworth Press Inc., New York. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482293609

Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Beheshti, A., 2001. Agroecology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publication. 360p. [In Persian].

• A chapter in edited book:

Nooden, L.D., 1988. The phenomena of senescence and aging. In: Nooden, L.D., Leopald, A.C. (eds.), Senescence and Aging in Plants. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 1–50.

• Internet sources

Blum, A., 2000. Mitigation of drought stress by crop management. Retrieved June 15, 2010, from http://www.plantstress.com/Articles/index.asp.

• Thesis and dissertation

Laleh, S., 2009. Effect of gamma ray on growth parameters of some safflower (Carthamous tinctorius L.) cultivars under saline and arid conditions. MSc dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran. [In Persian with English Summary].

• Conference papers

Berrada, B. 2004. Options for water management during drought. P. 29-37. In: E.D. Martin (ed.), Proceedings of the 4^th Annual Four Corners Irrigation Workshop, 8-10 Jul. 2004. Soil and Water Conservation Society, New Mexico, USA.

10. Extended abstract: An extended abstract in English (Minimum 600 and maximum 800 words) is required and it should be uploaded on the journal site. The extended abstract should include all the components of the article [Introduction (mentioning the objectives), Materials and methods, ).  It should be noted that the English title of extended abstract should match the Persian title of article as much as possible.

English extended abstract should have the following structure separately:

1. Title: (Times New Roman, 13 Bold)
2. Author(s): (Times New Roman, 11 Bold)
3. Affiliation: (Times New Roman, 10 Normal)
4. Introduction: (Times New Roman, 12 Normal)  
5. Materials and methods: (Times New Roman, 12 Normal)  
6. Results and discussion: (Times New Roman, 12 Normal)  
7. Conclusions: (Times New Roman, 12 Normal)  
8. Acknowledgements: (If needed, Times New Roman, 12 Normal)  
9. Keywords: (Times New Roman, 12 Normal)

Note: Items 2 and 3 should be included on the article title page.

11. Figures and Tables

• Ensure that each illustration and table has a comprehensive and expressive caption.
• Ensure that the data presented in figures and tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
• The title of the tables and figures must be given above and below them, respectively, in both Farsi and English languages, and should be fully descriptive of the results presented in the table and figure. The captions should self-standing, including all necessary definitions and information.
• Number tables and figures consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.
• All column and row titles (headers) of tables should be written in both Persian and English languages. All numbers in tables and also content of figures should be written and arranged in English, in a way that the information in the figures and tables can be easily used and understood by English speaking readers.
• Place legends, footnotes, and other text below the table.
• Avoid vertical lines in drawing tables
• You can use black and white or colored patterns in figures. Avoid putting a frame (border line) around the figures.

Below are some examples of suggested formats for tables and figures:

Fig 2. Interaction effect of salinity and putrescine on mean stomatal length on abaxial side of leaf of pot marigold

Fig 3. Effect of natural saline water and natural saline water + boron on canola seed germination

12. Scientific names:The scientific name of all organisms must be mentioned in italics in parentheses after their common names when is first used in the text.
13. Units: Use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI. Use ‘kg m^-2’ instead of ‘kg/m²’
14. Equations: The formulas should be typed carefully with Microsoft's Insert→Equation function. All equations should numbered from the beginning to the end with the number in the parentheses. Note that present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics.
    Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which they are first used.