تنش‌های محیطی در علوم زراعی

تنش‌های محیطی در علوم زراعی

بررسی تأثیر فواصل آبیاری و استفاده از کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی لوبیا چشم بلبلی (.Vigna unguiculata L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 استادیار ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام ، ایلام، ایران
3 دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام ، ایلام، ایران
چکیده
لوبیا چشم بلبلی یکی از حبوبات مهم در نواحی گرمسیری و نیمه‌گرمسیری است که تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلف زراعی مانند مدیریت آبیاری و تغذیه قرار دارد. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر فواصل مختلف آبیاری و منابع کودی (زیستی و شیمیایی) بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی لوبیا چشم بلبلی طراحی و اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه سطح دور آبیاری (7، 9 و 12 روز) و پنج سطح منابع کودی (عدم مصرف کود، فسفات بارور 2، پتا بارور، کود فسفر و کود پتاسیم) بودند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش فاصله آبیاری، میزان کلروفیل a و b، سطح برگ و پروتئین کل برگ کاهش معنی‌داری داشت، در حالی‌که میزان کارتنوئید و فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی افزایش یافت. استفاده از فسفات بارور ۲ موجب افزایش کلروفیل‌ها و سطح برگ شد و پتابارور تأثیر مثبتی بر افزایش پروتئین کل برگ داشت، اگرچه این تفاوت‌ها از نظر آماری با سایر تیمارهای کودی معنی‌دار نبودند. اثر متقابل آبیاری و کود نشان داد که بیشترین مقادیر پرولین و آنتوسیانین، به‌عنوان شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی مقاومت، در دور آبیاری ۱۲ روز همراه با مصرف کود پتاسیم مشاهده شد، در حالی‌که کمترین مقدار آن‌ها مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1434.95 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در دور آبیاری ۷ روز همراه با فسفات بارور ۲ و کمترین عملکرد (320 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در دور آبیاری ۱۲ روز بدون مصرف کود به دست آمد. در شرایط بروز تنش خشکی جهت آبیاری لوبیاچشم بلبلی استفاده از دورآبیاری 12 روزه همراه با کود فسفات بارور ۲ به منظور افزایش تحمل گیاه لوبیاچشم­بلبلی به تنش خشکی قابل توصیه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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انتشار آنلاین از 11 آبان 1405

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