Abebe, H., Tu, Y., 2024. Impact of salt and alkali stress on forage biomass yield, nutritive value, and animal growth performance: A comprehensive review. Grasses. 3, 355–368. https://doi.org/10.3390/grasses3040026
Abid, M., Mansour, E., Yahia, L. B., Bachar, K., Ben Khaled, A., Ferchichi, A., 2016. Alfalfa nutritive quality as influenced by drought in South-Eastern Oasis of Tunisia. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 15, 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2016.1175916
Abrishami, M., Jalilian, J., Heydarzadeh, S., 2023. The effect of different sources of fertilizer and low-irrigation on forage quality characteristics and yield of sorghum. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 54, 1–14. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.5555/20230484437
Allahdadi, M., Bahreininejad, B., 2019. Effects of water stress on growth parameters and forage quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L., var. scolymus). Iranian Agricultural Research. [In Persian with English Summary]. 38(2), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.22099/iar.2020.34908.1364
Al-Dakheel, A. J., Hussain, M. I., Rahman, A. Q. M. A., 2015. Impact of irrigation water salinity on agronomical and quality attributes of Cenchrus ciliaris L. accessions. Agricultural Water Management. 159, 148–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.06.014
AOAC., 2019. Official methods of analysis (21st ed.). Arington, VA: AOAC International
Arzani, H., 2012. Forage quality and daily grazing requirement of livestock from rangelands (2nd ed.). Tehran University Press. [In Persian]
Baral, R., Min, D., 2023. Irrigation effects on forage dry matter yield and nutritive value of alfalfa. In: Proceedings of the XXV International Grassland Congress (pp. 728–731). Covington, Kentucky, USA. https://doi.org/10.52202/071171-0174
Bibi, A., Sadaqat, H. A., Tahir, M.H.N., Fatima Usman, B., Ali, M., 2012. Genetic analysis of forage quality traits in sorghum-sudangrass hybrids under water stress. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 22, 1092–1100
Bilal, M., Ayub, M., Tariq, M., Tahir, M., Nadeem, M.A., 2017. Dry matter yield and forage quality traits of oat (Avena sativa L.) under integrative use of microbial and synthetic source of nitrogen. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 16, 236–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2015.08.002
Cavero, J., Faci, J. M., Medina, E. T., Martínez-Cob, A., 2017. Alfalfa forage production under solid-set sprinkler irrigation in a semiarid climate. Agricultural Water Management. 191, 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.06.018
Diatta, A.A., Min, D., Jagadish, S.K., 2021. Drought stress responses in non-transgenic and transgenic alfalfa—Current status and future research directions. Advances in Agronomy, 170, 35–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.06.002
Erfanzadeh, R., 2002. Investigation of changes in qualitative indices in two stages of rangeland species phenology. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research. 9, 684–694. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2001.119904
Ezzati, R., Torchi, M., Moghaddam Vahed, M., Roostaei, M., 2024. Effect of drought stress on morphological and biochemical root characteristics and grain yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and promising lines. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 26, 129–147. [In Persian with English Summary].
Faisal, S., Mujtaba, S.M., Khan, M.A., Mahboob, W.A.J.I.D., 2017. Morpho-physiological assessment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought stress tolerance at the seedling stage. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 49, 445–452. http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/49(2)/08.pdf
Gheysari, M., Majidi, M.M., Mirlatifi, S.M., Zareian, M.J., Amiri, S., Banifatemeh, S.M., 2015. The effects of two different deficit irrigation managements on the root length of maize. Journal of Water and Soil, 28, 890–898. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22067/JSW.V0I0.27891
Haji Hassani Asl, N., Moradi Aghdam, A., Aliabadi Farahani, H., Hosseini, N., Rassaei Far, M., 2011. Three forage yield and its components under water deficit condition on delay cropping in Khoy zone (Iran). Advances in Environmental Biology. 5, 847–852. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2021.1900228
Hasan, U.W., Roy, C., Chattopadhyay, T., Ranjan, D., De, N., 2021. Effects of heat and drought stress on yield and physiological traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Crop and Weed. 17, 203–210. https://doi.org/10.22271/09746315.2021.v17.i1.1425
Holman, J., Min, D.H., Klocke, N., Kisekka, I., Currie, R., 2016. Effects of irrigation amount and timing on alfalfa nutritive value. Transactions of the ASABE. 59, 849–860. https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.59.11456
Huang, D., Ma, M., Wang, Q., Zhang, M., Jing, G., Li, C., Ma, F., 2020. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced drought resistance in apple by regulating genes in the MAPK pathway. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 149, 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.020
ISTA., 2018. International rules for seed testing (2018 ed.). Bassersdorf, Switzerland: International Seed Testing Association
Jafari, A.A., Heydari Sharifabadi, H., Nosrati Neygjeh, M., 2003. Comparison of yield, morphological and quality traits of 18 ecotypes/varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under optimom and drougth stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Forest Plant Breeding and Genetic Research. 11, 63–103. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2003.115991
Jafarian, S., Chaichi, M.R., Moghaddam, H., 2015. Surfactant and limited irrigation effects on forage and seed production and water use efficiency in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Science 7(9), 56. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v7n9p56
Karimi, R., Hadi, H., Tajbaksh, M., 2016. Forage yield of sorghum under water deficit and foliar application of zinc sulphate and salicylic acid. Journal of Agricultural Science. 26, 169–187. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2016.56585
Kharazmi, K., Amirnia, R., Jalilian, J., Tajbakhsh, M., 2020. Effects of drought stress and fertilizer sources on quality characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Annals of Agri-Bio Research. 25, 217–221. https://doi.org/10.5555/20203510162
Khalil, Z.M., Salem, A.K., Sultan, F. M., 2015. Water stress tolerance of fodder cowpea as influenced by various added levels of potassium sulphate. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering. 6, 213–231. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.41989
Kuchenmeister, K., Kuchenmeister, F., Kayser, M., 2013. Influence of drought stress on nutritive value of perennial forage legumes. International Journal of Plant Production. 7, 615–632. http://www.ijpp.info
Gustine, D.L., Moyer, B.G., 1990. Crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.). In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (Ed.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 10, Legumes and Oilseed Crops I, pp. 341–354. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74448-8_15
Liu, L., Yu, H., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, H., Yang, Y., Jia, R., Liu, Y., 2025. The positive effects of appropriate drought stress on alfalfa that saving water while ensuring quality and economic benefits. Plant Production Science. 28(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2025.2463511
Liu, Y., Wu, Q., Ge, G., Han, G., Jia, Y., 2018. Influence of drought stress on alfalfa yields and nutritional composition. BMC Plant Biology. 18, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1226-9
Lopez-Olivari, R., Ortega-Klose, F., 2021. Response of red clover to deficit irrigation: dry matter yield, populations, and irrigation water use efficiency in southern Chile. Irrigation Science. 39, 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-020-00693-0
Molano-Flores, B., 2014. An invasive plant species decreases native plant reproductive success. Natural Areas Journal. 34, 465–470. https://doi.org/10.3375/043.034.0411
Momeni, S., Fahmideh, L., Emamjomeh, A., Solouki, M., Zahiri, J., 2021. Effect of drought stress on morphological and physiological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology. [In Persian with English Summary]. 15, 61–78.
Nakhoda, B., Banisadr, N., Hashemi Dezfouli, A., 2000. Water stress effects on forage yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. var. Nutrifeed). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 31, 701–712. [In Persian with English Summary].
Nolan, J., 2007. Nutrient requirements of domesticated ruminants. CSIRO Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643095113
Nematollahi, D., Eisvand, H. R., Modaerrs Sanavy, S. A. M., Akbari, N., Ismaili, A., 2020. Effects of low irrigation on yield quantity and quality of clover species under high input management conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 51, 47–57. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010126
Oddy, V.U., Robards, G.E., Low, S.G., 1983. Prediction of in vivo dry matter digestibility from the fibre and nitrogen content of a feed. pp. 395–398. In: Robards, G.E., Packham, R.G. (Eds.), Feed Information and Animal Production. Proceedings of the second symposium of the International Network of Feed Information Centres. Farnham Royal, Slough [Buckingham]: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, c1983.
Orloff, S.R., Putnam, D.H., Hanson, B., Carlson, H., 2003. Controlled deficit irrigation of alfalfa: Opportunities and pitfalls. Proceedings of the California Alfalfa Symposium, 18 – 19 December. Monterey, California, USA. UC Cooperative Extension.
Putnam, D.H., Orloff, S.B., 2014. Forage crops. In: Van Alfen, N.K. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems. 2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 381–405. Academic Press, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52512-3.00142-X
Ran, H., Kang, S., Li, F., Du, T., Tong, L., Li, S., Ding, R., Zhang, X., 2018. Parameterization of the AquaCrop model for full and deficit irrigated maize for seed production in arid Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management. 203, 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.01.030
Salehi Shanjani, P., Rasoulzadeh, L., Javadi, H., 2023. Evaluation of morphological traits in the populations of Coronilla varia L. Journal of Rangeland Science. 13, 52–71. [In Persian with English Summary].
Samarah, N.H., 2005. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley. Agronomy for Sustainable EDevelopment, 25, 145-149.
Sanz-Saez, A., Erice, G., Aguirreolea, J., Muñoz, F., Sanchez-Díaz, M., Irigoyen, J.J., 2012. Alfalfa forage digestibility, quality and yield under future climate change scenarios vary with Sinorhizobium meliloti strain. Journal of Plant Physiology. 169, 782–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.010
Shoaei, S., Rafiei, F., 2014. Investigation of superabsorbent polymer and water stress on physiological indexes of maize. Journal of Advances in Biology. 4, 455–460. https://doi.org/10.24297/jab.v4i3.3745
Simmons, M., Bertelsen, M., Windhager, S., Zafian, H., 2011. The performance of native and nonnative turf grass monocultures and native turf grass polycultures: An ecological approach to sustainable lawns. Ecological Engineering. 37, 1095–1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.004
Staniak, M., Harasim, E., 2018. Changes in nutritive value of alfalfa (Medicago × varia T. Martyn) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 204, 456–466.
Tariq, M., Khan, F., Shah, A. H., Fahad, S., Wahid, F., Ali, J., Adnan, M., Ahmad, M., Irfan, M., Zafar-ul-Hye, M., Battaglia, M. L., 2020. Effect of micronutrients foliar supplementation on the production and eminence of plum (Prunus domestica L.). Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops and Foods. 12, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12271
Titei, V., 2021. The prospects of cultivation and utilization of Coronilla varia L. in Moldova. Oltenia. Studii si Comunicari. Stiintele Naturii. 37(2), 46–52.
Van Soest, P.J., 1963. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds: A rapid method for the determination of fiber and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 46, 829-835. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/46.1.829
Wang, J., Baerenklau, K. A., 2014. Crop response functions integrating water, nitrogen, and salinity. Agricultural Water Management. 139, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.03.009
Yerlikaya, S., Baloglu, M. C., Altunoglu, Y. C., Diuzheva, A., Jeko, J., Cziaky, Z., Zengin, G., 2021. Exploring of Coronilla varia L. extracts as a source of high-value natural agents: Chemical profiles and biological connections. South African Journal of Botany, 143, 382–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.02.025
Zhou, H., Kang, S., Li, F., Du, T., Shukla, M. K., Li, X., 2020. Nitrogen application modified the effect of deficit irrigation on tomato transpiration, and water use efficiency in different growth stages. Scientia Horticulturae, 263, 109112. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2060855
