تحلیل بیان ژن TaEXPB23 و ارتباط آن با رشد کلئوپتیل و صفات زراعی گندم تحت تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آموزشی اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه اصلاح‌نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

3 استادیار، گروه اصلاح‌نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح‌نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد

5 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان

10.22077/escs.2026.8704.2340

چکیده

تغییر در اندازه و سرعت رشد سلول‌ها و بافت‌ها که در اثر تغییر الگوی بیان ژن‌های مرتبط ایجاد می‌شود، یکی از مهم‌ترین پاسخ‌های گیاهان به تنش‌های محیطی است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه بیان ژن اکسپنسین TaEXPB23  با طول و وزن خشک کلئوپتیل، وزن دانه، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد دانه در هشت رقم گندم نان تحت تنش کم‌آبی، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. پس از تعیین واکنش ارقام بر اساس شاخص تحمل فرناندز (STI)، صفات مورفولوژیک و بیان نسبی ژن ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد بین ارقام از نظر عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش و غیرتنش اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت؛ به‌طوری‌که رقم اروم بیشترین و آرتا کمترین عملکرد را داشتند. بر اساس شاخص STI، شش رقم در گروه متحمل و دو رقم در گروه حساس قرار گرفتند. همچنین بین ارقام از نظر بیان نسبی ژن TaEXPB23، طول و وزن خشک کلئوپتیل، وزن دانه و ارتفاع بوته اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. بیشترین طول کلئوپتیل در ارقام روشن، بهاران، هیرمند، اروم و دریا و کمترین آن در Weebille264، چمران و آرتا ثبت شد. الگوی بیان ژن نیز در ارقام متفاوت بود؛ به‌گونه‌ای که در 6 ساعت پس از جوانه‌زنی، افزایش معنی‌دار بیان ژن تنها در ارقام دریا و اروم، در 24 ساعت در اروم و Weebille264 و در 72 ساعت فقط در رقم دریا مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی، بیان نسبی ژن تا 48 ساعت روند افزایشی و سپس روند کاهشی داشت. تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد افزایش بیان ژن TaEXPB23 با بهبود رشد اولیه و استقرار گیاهچه همراه بوده و می‌تواند موجب افزایش رشد و عملکرد گیاه بالغ، به‌ویژه تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی شود. این ژن می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک نشانگر مولکولی بالقوه در برنامه‌های اصلاح ارقام متحمل به خشکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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