بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و پاسخ برخی آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان نیشکر (.Saccharum officinarum L) به شوری و کاربرد کود سیلیسیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی- فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی،گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز

2 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز

چکیده

شوری آب یکی از مهمترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی است که مانع رشد و بهره‌وری محصول در سراسر جهان می‌شود. به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر سیلیسیم بر رشد و وزن ساقه نیشکر تحت تنش شوری حاصل از زه‌آب، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی 1400-1401 و 1402-1401 به‌صورت گلدانی در محیط گلخانه در شرکت کشت و صنعت نیشکر دهخدا با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی آبیاری در سه سطح شوری شامل 1.4 (شاهد)، 4.1 و 8.2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، فاکتور فرعی شامل دو واریته CP73-21 و CP69-1062 و زمان کاربرد سیلیسیم در چهار سطح شامل شاهد (بدون کاربرد سیلیسیم)، یک‌ماه قبل از تنش، همزمان با تنش و یک‌ماه بعد از اعمال سطوح شوری به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج برتری وزن تک ساقه واریته CP69-1062 نسبت به واریته CP73-21 در همه سطوح شوری نشان داد. آبیاری با سطوح شوری 4.1 و 8.2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر به‌ترتیب سبب کاهش36 و 68 درصدی میانگین رشد هفتگی ساقه، 37 و 66 درصدی وزن تک ساقه، 6.4 و 10.8 درصدی محتوای نسبی آب برگ و افزایش 17.2 و 29.4 درصدی نشت الکترولیت نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بهترین زمان کاربرد کود سیلیسیم یک‌3.7 و 1.9 درصدی محتوای نسبی آب برگ در سطوح شوری 4.1 و 8.2 دسی زیمنس بر متر گردید. همچنین کاربرد کود سیلیسیم یک‌ماه قبل از اعمال شوری سبب افزایش فعالیت‌ کاتالاز به‌ترتیب 13.1 و 23.1 درصد و آسکوربات پراکسیداز به‌ترتیب 18.9 و 5.4 درصد در سطوح شوری 4.1 8.2 دسی زیمنس بر متر شدند. در شرایط بروز تنش کم‌آبی جهت آبیاری گیاه نیشکر استفاده از زه‌‌‌آب با شوری 4 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر همراه با کود سیلیسیم به‌منظور افزایش تحمل گیاه نیشکر به تنش شوری قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Abbasi, R.P., Rafiq, K., Fatima, S., Javed, M.T., Azeem, M., Akram, M.S., 2023. In vitro silicon supplementation enhanced acclimatisation and growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) via improved antioxidant and nutrient acquisition patterns in saline soil. Functional Plant Biology. 51. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22275
Abdelaal, K.A., EL-Maghraby, L.M., Elansary, H., Hafez, Y.M., Ibrahim, E.I., El-Banna, M., El-Esawi, M., Elkelish, A., 2019. Treatment of sweet pepper with stress tolerance-inducing compounds alleviates salinity stress oxidative damage by mediating the physio-biochemical activities and antioxidant systems. Agronomy. 10, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010026
Agarwal, S., Pandey, V., 2004. Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum. 48, 555-560. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOP.0000047152.07878.e7
Ali, M., Afzal, S., Parveen, A., Kamran, M., Javed, M.R., Abbasi, G.H., Malik, Z., Riaz, M., Ahmad, S., Chattha, M.S., Ali, M., Ali, Q., Uddin, M.Z., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., 2021. Silicon mediated improvement in the growth and ion homeostasis by decreasing Na+ uptake in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars exposed to salinity stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.158, 208-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.040
Aras, S., Keles, H., Eşitken, A., 2020. Silicon nutrition counteracts salt-induced damage associated with changes in biochemical responses in apple. Bragantia. 79, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20190153
Ashraf, M., Harris, P.J., 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science. 166, 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.10.024
Ashraf, M., Rahmatullah, Afzal, M., Ahmed, R., Mujeeb, F., Sarwar, A., Ali, L., 2009. Alleviation of detrimental effects of NaCl by silicon nutrition in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Plant and Soil. 326, 381-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0019-9
Ashraf, M., Shahzad, S.M., Imtiaz, M., Rizwan, M.S., Iqbal, M.M., 2017. Ameliorative effects of potassium nutrition on yield and fiber quality characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under NaCl stress. Soil and Environment. 36, 51-58. http://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/31054
Bezerra, B.K.L., Lima, G.P.P., dos Reis, A.R., Silva, M.D.A., de Camargo, M.S., 2019. Physiological and biochemical impacts of silicon against water deficit in sugarcane. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 41, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-019-2980-0
Bhat, J. A., Deshmukh, R., Zhao, T., Patil, G., Deokar, A., Shinde, S.,  Chaudhary, J., 2020. Harnessing High-throughput phenotyping and genotyping for enhanced drought tolerance in crop plants. Journal of Biotechnology. 324, 248-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.010
Bokhtiar, S., Huang, H.-R., Li, Y.-R., 2012. Response of sugarcane to calcium silicate on yield, gas exchange characteristics, leaf nutrient concentrations, and soil properties in two different soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 43, 1363-1381. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2012.670516
Brenes, M., Pérez, J., González-Orenga, S., Solana, A., Boscaiu, M., Prohens, J., Plazas, M., Fita, A., Vicente, O., 2020. Comparative studies on the physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and its rootstock S. torvum. Agriculture. 10, 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080328
Brindha, C., Vasantha, S., Arunkumar, R., 2019. The response of sugarcane genotypes subjected to salinity stress at different growth phases. Journal of Plant Stress Physiology. 5, 28-33. https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2019.v5.5643
Caverzan, A., Casassola, A., Brammer, S.P. 2016. Antioxidant responses of wheat plants under stress. Genetics and molecular Biology. 39, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2015-0109
Dhansu, P., Kumar, R., Kumar, A., Vengavasi, K., Raja, A.K., Vasantha, S., Meena, M.R., Kulshreshtha, N., Pandey, S.K., 2022. Differential physiological traits, ion homeostasis and cane yield of sub-tropical sugarcane varieties in response to long-term salinity stress. Sustainability. 14, 13246. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013246
Epstein, E., 2009. Silicon: its manifold roles in plants. Annals of Applied Biology. 155, 155-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00343.x
Fahad, S., Hussain, S., Matloob, A., Khan, F.A., Khaliq, A., Saud, S., Hassan, S., Shan, D., Khan, F., Ullah, N., 2015. Phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress: a review. Plant Growth Regulation. 75, 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-014-0013-y
FAO., 2020. Soils Portal, Management, Salt-A_ected Soils https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-management/management-of-some-problem-soils/salt-affected-soils/more-information-on-salt-affected-soils/en/
Frazao, J.J., Prado, R.M., de Souza Junior, J.P.,  Rossatto, D.R., 2020. Silicon changes C:N:P stoichiometry of sugarcane and its consequences for photosynthesis, biomass partitioning and plant growth. Scientific Reports. 10, 12492. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69310-6
Gong, H.J., Randall, D.P.,  Flowers, T.J., 2006. Silicon deposition in the root reduces sodium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings by reducing bypass flow. Plant, Cell & Environment. 29, 1970-1979. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01572.x
Heile, A.O., Aslam, Z., Hussain, A., Aslam, M., Saleem, M.H., Abualreesh, M.H., Alatawi, A., Ali, S., 2021. Alleviation of cadmium phytotoxicity using silicon fertilization in wheat by altering antioxidant metabolism and osmotic adjustment. Sustainability. 13, 11317. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011317
Hussain, A., Khan, Z.I., Ashraf, M., Rashid, M.H., Akhtar, M.S., 2004. Effect of salt stress on some growth attributes of sugarcane cultivars CP-77-400 and COJ-84. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 6, 188-191. http://doi:1560–8530/2004/06–1–188–191
Hussain, B., Riaz, L., Li, K., Hayat, K., Akbar, N., Hadeed, M.Z., Zhu, B., Pu, S., 2023. Abiogenic silicon: Interaction with potentially toxic elements and its ecological significance in soil and plant systems. Environmental Pollution. 122689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122689
Kafi, M., Nabati, J., Masoumi, A., Mehrgerdi, M. Z., 2011. Effect of salinity and silicon application on oxidative damage of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 43, 2457-2462.
Kar, M., Mishra, D., 1976. Catalase, Peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology. 57, 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.57.2.315
Kumar, T., Khan, M.R., Jan, S.A., Ahmad, N., Ali, N.N., Zia, M.A., Roomi, S., Iqbal, A., Ali, G.M., 2014. Efficient regeneration and genetic transformation of sugarcane with AVP1 gene. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences. 14, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.02.12304
Liang, X., Wang, H., Hu, Y., Mao, L., Sun, L., Dong, T., Nan, W., Bi, Y., 2015. Silicon does not mitigate cell death in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells subjected to salinity without ethylene emission. Plant Cell Reports. 34, 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1712-6
Liang, Y., Sun, W., Zhu, Y.G., Christie, P., 2007. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: a review. Environmental Pollution. 147, 422-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.008
Liu, P., Yin, L., Wang, S., Zhang, M., Deng, X., Zhang, S., Tanaka, K., 2015. Enhanced root hydraulic conductance by aquaporin regulation accounts for silicon alleviated salt-induced osmotic stress in Sorghum bicolor L. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 111, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.10.006
Ma, J.F., Mitani, N., Nagao, S., Konishi, S., Tamai, K., Iwashita, T., Yano, M., 2004. Characterization of the silicon uptake system and molecular mapping of the silicon transporter gene in rice. Plant Physiology. 136, 3284-3289. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.047365
Majeed Zargar, S., Ahmad Macha, M., Nazir, M., Kumar Agrawal, G., Rakwal, R., 2012. Silicon: A multitalented micronutrient in OMICS perspective–an update. Current Proteomics. 9, 245-254. https://doi.org/10.2174/157016412805219152
Misra, V., Mall, A., Ansari, S.A., Raheem, A., Tripathi, M., Ansari, M.I., 2023. Silicon as a beneficial nutrient for productivity augmentation and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance in sugarcane. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 102944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102944
Rao, V.P., Sengar, R., Singh, R., 2021. Identification of salt tolerant sugarcane cultivars through phenotypic, physiological and biochemical studies under abiotic stress. Plant Physiology Reports. 26, 256-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-021-00581-5
Richmond, K.E., Sussman, M., 2003. Got silicon? The non-essential beneficial plant nutrient. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 6, 268-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00041-4
Ritchie, S.W., Nguyen, H.T., Holaday, A.S., 1990. Leaf water content and gas‐exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science. 30, 105-111. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000010025x
Saxena, S.C., Salvi, P., Kamble, N.U., Joshi, P.K., Majee, M., Arora, S., 2020. Ectopic overexpression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene (Apx1) improves salinity stress tolerance in Brassica juncea by strengthening antioxidative defense mechanism. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 42, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-3032-5
Serrano, R., Mulet, J.M., Rios, G., Marquez, J.A., De Larrinoa, I.F., Leube, M.P., Mendizabal, I., Pascual-Ahuir, A., Proft, M., Ros, R., 1999. A glimpse of the mechanisms of ion homeostasis during salt stress. Journal of Experimental Botany. 1023-1036. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23696207
Shah, T., Latif, S., Saeed, F., Ali, I., Ullah, S., Alsahli, A.A., Jan, S., Ahmad, P., 2021. Seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhances seed vigor, leaf water status, and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress. Journal of King Saud University-Science. 33, 101207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2020.10.004
Sharwood, R.E., Sonawane, B.V., Ghannoum, O., 2014. Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade. Journal of Experimental Botany. 65, 3715-3724. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru130
Shen, X.-F., Zhao, Z.-H., Chen, Y., 2019. Effects of intercropping with peanut and silicon application on sugarcane growth, yield and quality. Sugar Technology. 21, 437-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-018-0667-2
Silva, J.L.F.D., Prado, R.D.M., Alves, T.L., Lata-Tenesaca, L.F., Soares, M.B., 2023. New strategy for silicon supply through fertigation in sugarcane integrating the pre-sprouted seedling phase and field cultivation. Scientific Reports. 13, 1230. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27323-3
Siripornadulsil, S., Traina, S., Verma, D.P., Sayre, R.T., 2002. Molecular mechanisms of proline-mediated tolerance to toxic heavy metals in transgenic microalgae. Plant Cell. 14, 2837-2847. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.004853
Tahjib-UI-Arif, M., Sohag, A.A.M., Afrin, S., Bashar, K.K., Afrin, T., Mahamud, A.S.U., Polash, M.A.S., Hossain, M.T., Sohel, M.A.T., Brestic, M., 2019. Differential response of sugar beet to long-term mild to severe salinity in a soil–pot culture. Agriculture. 9, 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9100223
Teixeira, G.C.M., de Prado, R.M., Rocha, A.M.S., de Oliveira Filho, A.S.B., da Sousa Junior, G.S., Gratão, P.L., 2022. Action of silicon on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and on physiological mechanisms mitigates water deficit in sugarcane and energy cane plants. Scientific Reports. 12, 17487. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21680-9
Thorne, S.J., Hartley, S.E., Maathuis, F.J., 2020. Is silicon a panacea for alleviating drought and salt stress in crops? Frontiers in Plant Science. 11, 1221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01221
Tuna, A.L., Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Murillo-Amador, B., Aydemir, S., Girgin, A.R., 2008. Silicon improves salinity tolerance in wheat plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 62, 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.06.006  
Verma, K.K., Wu, K.-C., Singh, P., Malviya, M.K., Singh, R.K., Song, X.-P., Li, Y.-R., 2019. The protective role of silicon in sugarcane under water stress: photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 15, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2019.15.002685
Xie, Z., Song, R., Shao, H., Song, F., Xu, H., Lu, Y., 2015. Silicon improves maize photosynthesis in saline-alkaline soils. Scientific World Journal. 245072. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/245072
Yan, G., Fan, X., Zheng, W., Gao, Z., Yin, C., Li, T., Liang, Y., 2021. Silicon alleviates salt stress-induced potassium deficiency by promoting potassium uptake and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Plant Physiology. 258-259, 153379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153379
Zhang, W., Yu, X., Li, M., Lang, D., Zhang, X., Xie, Z., 2018. Silicon promotes growth and root yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under salt and drought stresses through enhancing osmotic adjustment and regulating antioxidant metabolism. Crop protection. 107, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.01.005
Zhao, D., 2020. The USDA-ARS sugarcane field station in canal point, Florida: 100 years of scientific research and sugarcane cultivar development. Sugar Journal. 82, 13-21.
Zhao, Y., Aspinall, D., Paleg, L., 1992. Protection of membrane integrity in Medicago sativa L. by glycinebetaine against the effects of freezing. Journal of Plant Physiology. 140, 541-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80785-6