شبیه‌سازی شاخص‌های تنش گرمایی HSDD، HSF و HSDU در گندم دیم تحت تاریخ های مختلف کاشت در استان لرستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

تغییرات اقلیمی و افزایش دمای جهانی، وقوع تنش‌های گرمایی را در دوره‌های حساس رشدی گندم دیم تشدید کرده و عملکرد این محصول راهبردی را تهدید می‌کند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت بر مواجهه گندم دیم با تنش گرمایی در مرحله گلدهی تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد دانه، با استفاده از مدل APSIM -Wheat، در یک دوره ۴۱ساله (۱۹۸0-2020) و در پنج ایستگاه هواشناسی استان لرستان (الیگودرز، بروجرد، خرم‌آباد، کوهدشت و پلدختر) انجام شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در خوشه، درجه روزهای تنش حرارتی (HSDD)، فراوانی تنش حرارتی (HSF) و مدت‌زمان تنش حرارتی (HSDU)، طول دوره رشد، بیشینه شاخص سطح برگ، بارندگی تجمعی و میانگین بیشینه دما از گل انگیزی تا رسیدگی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تغییر تاریخ کاشت تأثیر معنی‌داری بر میزان مواجهه گیاه با تنش گرمایی دارد. در ایستگاه پلدختر (با اقلیم گرم‌تر)، کاشت زودهنگام (۱۵ مهر) منجر به ثبت بالاترین مقدار شاخص HSDD با میانگین 2/64 درجه روز شد، درحالی‌که در ایستگاه بروجرد (اقلیم سردتر)، همان تاریخ کاشت منجر به کمترین مقدار HSDD (دو درجه روز) گردید. در مناطق گرم‌تر (مانند پلدختر)، تأخیر در کاشت تا ۹ آبان منجر به افزایش عملکرد تا 43 درصد شد، درحالی‌که در مناطق سردتر (الیگودرز و بروجرد)، کاشت زودهنگام (15 مهر) عملکرد را تا 90 درصد نسبت به تاریخ کاشت دیرهنگام (15 آبان) افزایش داد. بین عملکرد دانه با شاخص‌های تنش حرارتی HSDD، HSF و HSDU به ترتیب با ضرایب همبستگی 0.63-، 0.59- و 0.55- همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند به تعیین تاریخ بهینه کاشت بر اساس اقلیم هر منطقه برای کاهش آثار منفی تنش گرمایی کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 12 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 شهریور 1404