تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها در گندم نان (.Triticum aestivum L) تحت شرایط نرمال و شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان

2 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان

3 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی نحوه کنترل ژنتیکی صفات مهم زراعی گندم نان، والدین و نسل‌های ایجاد شده از تلاقی مروارید × سیستان، در قالب یک آزمایش اسپلیت پلات با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان تحت دو شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش شوری در سال زراعی 1402-1401 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تنش شوری در مراحل ظهور کامل سنبله و خمیری دانه اعمال شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر تنش و اثر متقابل تنش در نسل تنها برای صفات وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه در بوته معنی‌دار است. مدل کنترل ژنتیکی برای این صفات تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری متفاوت بود. اختلاف نسل‌ها از نظر اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه از نظر آماری معنی‌دار بود. نتایج تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها نشان داد که در کنترل بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، تعداد سنبله در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه در بوته (تحت هر دو شرایط نرمال و تنش)، اثرات ژنی غیر افزایشی نقش برجسته‌تری نسبت به اثرات افزایشی داشتند. علاوه بر این در اکثر صفات اثرات اپیستازی نقش داشتند و وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی پایینی برای این صفات مشاهده گردید. تجزیه واریانس نسل‌ها نشان داد که صفات تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، تعداد سنبله در بوته و عملکرد دانه در بوته تحت کنترل عمل فوق ‌غالبیت ژن‌ها هستند. بنابراین گزینش برای صفات مذکور بایستی در نسل‌های پیشرفته و پس از رسیدن به خلوص نسبی انجام شود. برای صفات ارتفاع بوته و طول پدانکل نقش اثر افزایشی بیشتر از اثر غیر افزایشی بود و اثرات اپیستازی نقشی ایفا نکردند. همچنین وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی نسبتاً بالایی در این دو صفت مشاهده شد که امکان بهبود ژنتیکی صفات ارتفاع بوته و طول پدانکل را در نسل‌های مقدماتی فراهم می‌آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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