نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)
چکیده
به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول پاشی برگی متیل‌جاسمونات بر برخی شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی و آنزیم-های آنتی‌اکسیدان گیاه دارویی شاهی (Lepidium sativum) تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401-1402 انجام پذیرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کاربرد برون‌زای متیل‌جاسمونات (0 (شاهد)، 50 و 100 میکرومولار) و تنش کم‌آبی (100 و50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم‌آبی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار وزن خشک گیاه، مقدار پروتئین و افزایش محتوی پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای غشاء و به دنبال آن نشت یونی گردید. اگرچه فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان شامل سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز، گایاکل پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز و همچنین تنظیم کنندههای اسمزی از‌جمله محتوی پرولین و قندهای محلول به ترتیب حدود 59.2، 74.3، 62.8، 62.7، 77.5 و 40.3 درصد در گیاهان تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی در مقایسه با شاهد بدون تنش کم‌آبی ، افزایش داشت اما مشخص نمود که مهار گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن خارج از توان گیاه شاهی بوده است. بنابراین کاهش محتوی مالون دی آلدئید (36.2 %) و نشت یونی (26.7 %) و افزایش 23.5 درصدی محتوی پروتئین از طریق القای مکانیسم‌های دفاعی گیاه از‌جمله افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و اسمولیت‌ها، تنها با محلول‌پاشی غلظت 100 میکرومولار متیل‌جاسمونات در گیاه دارویی شاهی تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی موثر بوده است. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر میتوان چنین اظهار داشت که متیل‌جاسمونات به‌عنوان یک مولکول پیامرسان با افزایش توان آنتیاکسیدانهای آنزیمی (SOD، CAT، GPX و APX) و افزایش تنظیم کنندههای اسمزی (پرولین و قندهای محلول) در سلول، منجر به کاهش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای غشاء و کاهش مقدار مالون دی‌آلدئید تولیدی گردیده که به دنبال آن پایداری غشاء سلولی، کاهش نشت یونی و افزایش وزن خشک را تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی به همراه داشته است؛ بنابراین به نظر می‌رسد کاربرد غلظت 100 میکرو مولار متیل‌جاسمونات در گیاه شاهی میتواند در کاهش تنش کم‌آبی مفید باشد و نهایتاً گامی به‌سوی تحقق اهداف کشاورزی پایدار در کشور باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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