نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
3 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
چکیده
تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین تنش‌های محیطی بوده که میزان رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی را کاهش می‌دهد. مرحله گلدهی و پر شدن دانه لوبیا چیتی به‌تنش خشکی حساس بوده به‌طوری که وقوع تنش خشکی انتهای فصل می‌تواند خصوصیات زراعی و عملکردی لوبیاچیتی را به شدت تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. استفاده از مواد تعدیل کننده تنش مانند اسیدسالیسیلیک در کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی اهمیت زیادی دارد. به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر اسیدسالیسیلیک بر عملکرد و صفات فیزیولوژیک لوبیا چیتی تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپیلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل سطوح آبیاری (آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری از مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی تا انتهای فصل رشد) و اسیدسالیسیلیک (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی سبب کاهش شاخص کلروفیل، ارتفاع بوته، شاخه فرعی، غلاف در بوته، وزن صد‌دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت نسبت به تیمار آبیاری کامل شد. همچنین در شرایط تنش خشکی انتهای فصل، میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید، هدایت الکتریکی مواد نشت یافته و پراکسیدهیدروژن افزایش یافت. کاربرد 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسیدسالیسیلیک، سبب افزایش شاخص کلروفیل، تعداد شاخه فرعی و تعداد غلاف در بوته به‌ترتیب درحدود 17.9، 44.03 و 18.4 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری، محلول پاشی بوته‌های لوبیا چیتی با 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسیدسالیسیلیک، به‌ترتیب سبب افزایش ارتفاع بوته (15.92و 9.8 درصد )، وزن صد‌دانه (17.8 و 12.8 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (27.3 و 20.4 درصد) و شاخص برداشت (13.5 و 10.7 درصد) و سبب کاهش هدایت الکتریکی به‌ترتیب در حدود 1.7 و 2.3 درصد و پراکسیدهیدروژن به ترتیب به میزان 28.9 و 81.9 درصد شد. به‌نظر می‌رسد کاربرد 200 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک می‌تواند با بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی ضمن جبران اثرات تنش خشکی موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه لوبیا چیتی شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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