نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران
2 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
اصلاح ارقام متحمل به شوری از راهکارهای مناسب جهت کاهش اثرات شوری است. این پژوهش به‌منظور تعیین متحملترین ژنوتیپهای گندم به سطوح مختلف شوری انجام گردید. آزمایش فاکتوریل، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط نور و دمای طبیعی محیط در گلخانه انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل ژنوتیپهای سیستان، نارین، برات، سارنگ، شوش، آینه، سحر، مهرگان، Ms-90-15، Ms-92-8، Ms-93-5،Ms-93-6،Ms-93-14، Ms-93-16 و S-94-12 و آب با شورهای 1، 10 و 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر بودند. کمترین محتوای سدیم برگ، نشت یونی و بیشترین پتاسیم برگ در ارقام مهرگان و سارنگ مشاهده شد. در شوری ملایم، S-94-12 و MS-92-8 به ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین درصد کاهش عملکرد دانه را نسبت به محیط بدون شوری داشتند. برای شوری شدید چنین مقادیری در مهرگان و MS-93-6 مشاهده شد. بررسی روابط بین ژنوتیپ‌ها با استفاده از روش تجزیه بای‌پلات و شاخص‌های تحمل به شوری نشان داد که شاخص‌های MP، GMP، HM و STI همبستگی مثبت و معنیداری با عملکرد گندم در تمام سطوح دارند. کاربرد آب شور 10 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپهای سیستان، نارین، Ms-90-15، Ms-92-8، Ms-93-5،Ms-93-6،Ms-93-14 و Ms-93-16، برات، سارنگ، شوش، آینه، سحر، مهرگان و S-94-12 به ترتیب به میزان 32.6، 36.2، 24، 40.5، 29.8، 32.5، 32.3، 26، 27.3، 30.5، 36.6، 21.7، 26.8، 30.2 و 15.6 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد گردید. این مقادیر برای شوری 16 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر به ترتیب 47.3، 56.3، 47.8، 50.6، 57، 65.4، 56.2، 50.2، 51.2، 50.5، 46.6، 50.8، 47.3، 43.4 و 48.8 درصد بود. بر اساس شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش و شاخص انتخاب SIIG، ژنوتیپهای مهرگان، سارنگ، برات و S-94-12، عملکرد بهتری تحت شرایط شور داشتند. علت این امر می‌تواند سازگاری بیشتر این ارقام به شرایط اقلیمی منطقه در مقایسه با سایر ارقام موردبررسی باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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