نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان. سراوان، سیستان و بلوچستان
2 دانشیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، سیستان و بلوچستان
چکیده
حدود 1.7 میلیون هکتار از اراضی کشاورزی ایران شور است. بنابراین گزینش ارقام گندم متحمل به شوری و به تبع آن تعیین شاخص‌های کارآمد برای کوتاه کردن مراحل گزینش از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. به این منظور آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل غلظت NaCl (صفر، 100، 200 و 300 میلی‌مولار) و ارقام گندم (شیراز، فلات، دوروم، گاسکوژن، مهدوی، الوند، کراس آزادی، روشن، استار، توس، هیرمند و کراس بولانی) در سال 1399 در دانشگاه زابل تحت شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک اجرا شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که با افزایش سطح NaCl میزان آسکوربات پراکسیداز، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، کاتالاز، پرولین و سدیم در برگ گیاهچه‌های گندم افزایش یافت و صفات وزن تر گیاهچه، پتاسیم و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم کاهش یافت. ارقام گندم واکنش متفاوتی به افزایش سطح NaCl نشان دادند، در حالی که در ارقام روشن، مهدوی، هیرمند و کراس بولانی افزایش سطح کلریدسدیم اثر کمتری بر کاهش وزن تر گیاهچه نسبت به سایر ارقام داشت، اما در همین ارقام الگوهای متفاوتی از تغییر صفات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی دیده شد. مقاومت به NaCl در رقم مهدوی ارتباط مسقیمی با افزایش میزان آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز داشت، اما در مقابل در رقم روشن مقاومت به NaCl به حفظ سطح بالایی از نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم مرتبط بود. ضرایب رگرسیونی نشان داد که مولفه‌های وزن تر گیاهچه (R2=0.89)، پتاسیم (R2=0.86) و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم (R2=0.69) اثرات افزایش غلظت کلریدسدیم را با سطح اطمینان بیشتری پیش‌بینی می‌کنند. به طور کلی با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش می توان استنباط کرد که وزن تر گیاهچه، پتاسیم و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم شاخص‌های موثرتری برای گزینش بین ارقام در شرایط تنش شوری هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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