نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
زیست شناسی سلولی مولکولی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
چکیده
تنشهای غیرزیستی میتوانند امنیت غذایی آینده را مختل کنند. بررسی پاسخ گیاه تحت تنش غیرزیستی (خشکی و کمبود فسفات)، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. غربال‌گری ارقام ذرت (.Zea mays L) در شرایط تحت استرس از اولویتهای شناسایی ژنوتیپهای برتر است. ذرت، یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات زراعی جهان برای تأمین امنیت غذایی است، زیرا میلیونها نفر را تغذیه میکند. تنشهای غیرزیستی چالشهایی را برای تولید ذرت ایجاد میکنند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین اثرات تنشهای فسفات و پلیاتیلن گلیکول بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در ارقام ذرت انجام شد. پنج رقم ذرت در معرض تیمار پلیاتیلن گلیکول 20 درصد و تنش کمبود فسفات به مدت 24 و 48 ساعت قرار گرفتند و نمونهها در این دو زمان و تحت شرایط نرمال برداشت شدند. آنالیز صفات فیزیولوژیکی مانند کلروفیل a/b و کاروتنوئیدها در گیاهچه‌های ذرت مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت در این مطالعه، فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی‌اکسیدانی، (کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و پلی فنل اکسیداز) در بافت برگ و ریشه اندازهگیری شد. بین میزان کلروفیل a/b و آنتوسیانین ریشه و میزان کلروفیل کل همبستگی مثبت و معناداری در سطح احتمال یک درصد وجود داشت. تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) در صفات اندازهگیری شده نشان داد که ارقام فجر، پایا و کوشا میتوانند در شرایط تنش موردمطالعه عملکرد بالایی از خود نشان دهند. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که رقم کوشا به دلیل پاسخ مناسب به تنشها با استفاده از فعالیتهای آنزیمهای آنتی‌اکسیدانی، میزان محتوای کلروفیل و کارتنوئیدها، کارایی در حدود 30 درصد به تنش خشکی و کمبود فسفات نشان داده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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