نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران
2 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان. ایران
3 گروه زراعت، واحد ساوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساوه
چکیده
به منظور بررسی تیمارهای آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشدی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه ارقام گتدم، آزمایش به صورت اسپیلت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 93- 1392 اجراء شد. تنش خشکی در سه سطح، شامل آبیاری پس از 60 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی (شاهد)، 95 و130 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A (بترتیب به عنوان تنش ملایم و تنش شدید) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی در نظر گرفته شد. اعمال تیمارهای کم آبیاری در دو مرحله رشدی S0 (آغاز رشد طولی ساقه تا ظهور گل آذین) و S1 (ظهور گل آذین تا رسیدگی) و ارقام گندم (سپاهان، بک‌کراس‌روشن و کویر) به صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی جای گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد خشکی باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد پنجه بارور، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه؛ شاخص برداشت، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و مقدار کلروفیل برگ پرچم و افزایش موم کوتیکول و راندمان مصرف آب گردید. کاهش عملکرد دانه در تیمار خشکی ملایم و شدید در مقایسه با شاهد بترتیب 12 و 41.8 درصد بود. میزان کاهش مصرف آب در تیمارهای تنش ملایم و شدید در مقایسه با شاهد بترتیب 20 و 40 درصد بود. اعمال تنش خشکی از مرحله زایشی منجر به کاهش بیشتر عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در مقایسه با اعمال تنش از مرحله رویشی گردید. ارقام کویر، سپاهان و بک کراس روشن بترتیب دارای بیشترین تا کمترین عملکرد دانه بودند. رقم کویر به دلیل داشتن ارتفاع کمتر بوته، موم کوتیکول بالاتر (در شرایط تنش و شاهد)، حفظ محتوای نسبی آب برگ بالاتر (در شرایط تنش و شاهد)، کلروفیل برگ پرچم بیشتر، شاخص برداشت و راندمان مصرف آب بالاتر دارای عملکرد دانه بیشتری در مقایسه با دو رقم دیگر بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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