نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان
2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان
چکیده
عملکرد گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.)، تحت تنش‌های محیطی و همچنین با کاهش دما به‌شدت کاهش می‌یابد. از سازوکارهای منجر به سازگاری غلات پاییزه به شرایط محیطی، بهاره‌سازی است که طی آن، گیاه پس از گذراندن یک دوره سرمای طولانی‌مدت، قادر به گلدهی و یا تسریع فرآیند گلدهی می‌شود که سازوکارهای مولکولی مربوط به آن همچنان تا حد زیادی ناشناخته هستند. آزمایشی در قالب فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار و دو فاکتور شامل دو رقم نورستار و باز و تعداد روزهای بهاره‌سازی 14 و 21 روز در دمای 4 درجه سانتی‌گراد همراه با گیاهان شاهد انجام شد. تغییرات بیان ژن‌های NAC، ERF و TCP مرتبط با بهاره‌سازی با استفاده از روش Real-Time PCR موردبررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین برای درک بهتر پاسخ ژن‌ها به سرما، پروموتور این سه ژن مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. بیان هر سه ژن تحت تیمار بهاره‌سازی رفتار کاهشی نشان داده و فقط بیان ژن TCP تحت 14 روز تیمار بهاره‌سازی در رقم نورستار و نیز ژن NAC تحت 21 روز تیمار در رقم باز افزایش بیان را نشان دادند. به‌طورکلی با افزایش تعداد روزهای بهاره‌سازی میزان بیان ژن‌ها کاهش یافت. همچنین با تجزیه‌وتحلیل پروموتورهای ژن‌های موردمطالعه، 28 نوع عنصر تنظیمی شناسایی شد که تعداد زیادی از آن‌ها محل اتصال فاکتورهای رونویسی پاسخ‌دهنده به تنش‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی هستند. علی‌رغم تشابه الگوی تغییرات بیانی هر سه ژن در دو رقم موردبررسی، شدت تغییرات در دو رقم یکسان نبوده که می‌تواند ناشی از عکس‌العمل متفاوت به تنش سرمایی باشد. نتایج نشان‌دهنده پیچیده بودن تنظیم بیان ژن‌ها در بهاره‌سازی گندم بوده که تعدد محل اتصال فاکتورهای رونویسی پاسخ‌دهنده به تنش‌ها در ناحیه پروموتوری این ژن‌ها می‌توانند توجیهی بر پیچیدگی تنظیم بیان آن‌ها در طول دوره بهاره‌سازی و پاسخ به تنش سرمایی باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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