Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Forms

Paper Preparation Guide

Investigation of delayed planting and cutting off irrigation effect on biochemical traits, relative water content and yield of two safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M. Sc. Student of Agroecology, Department of Agroecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agroecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agroecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Water stress is a non-living stress that causes different biochemical and physiological reactions in the plant but the amount of damage caused by stress depends on the severity, time and duration of stress. Introducing the best planting date in combination with suitable irrigation regime is one of the effective strategies in stress management. Among the oilseeds that are compatible with the conditions of the country, safflower is known as a water-resistant plant due to its long roots, with high absorption capacity from deeper parts of the soil. Also, since planting time controls the phenological stages of the plant and the whole production, therefore, choosing the appropriate planting date and exposure to water stress is one of the most important determinants of crop production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of delayed planting date and irrigation regime on biochemical traits, relative water content, biomass yield and safflower seed yield.
 
Materials and Methods
 In order to study delayed planting date and irrigation regime on biochemical traits, relative water content and seed yield of safflower, a field experiment was conducted as split factorial in a completely randomized block design with three replicates, during 2018-2019 growing season at research station of College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University. Experimental factors included irrigation regime as main factor at three levels of normal irrigation, cutting irrigation at flowering stage and cutting irrigation at seed filling stage, and sub-factors including three planting dates (6 December, 26 December and 15 January) and two safflower cultivars (Goldasht and local Isfahan). In this study, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoid content, catalase and peroxidase activity, relative water content, canopy temperature, biomass yield and grain yield of safflower cultivars were calculated. Finally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SAS v. 9.4 and the means compared by LSD test at 1% probability level.
 
 
Results
Overall, the results showed that the measured traits were significantly affected by irrigation regime, planting date and cultivar.  Cutting off irrigation at flowering reduced chlorophyll a and b content, relative water content and grain yield of safflower cultivars by 25, 15.38, 16.36 and 33.74%, respectively, while carotenoid, catalase enzyme content, peroxidase and canopy temperature were increased by 14.70, 22, 29.31 and 21.75, respectively. Also, delayed third planting date (15 January) decreased chlorophyll a and b content, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, biomass yield and grain yield while carotenoid content, relative water content and canopy temperature increased.
 
Conclusion
The highest yield was obtained in Isfahan local cultivar at the second planting date (26 December) in normal irrigation treatment which had no significant difference with cutting off irrigation at seed filling on the first sowing date (6 December) in Isfahan and Goldasht local cultivars. Water stress at flowering and grain filling stages decreased the grain yield by 52.32% and 34.54%, respectively. Under cutting off irrigation at grain filling stage, the plant has been able to compensate yield loss more than flowering stage by performing biochemical and enzymatic activities at the time of stress occurrence. Also, as the second planting date (26 December) increased chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid content, relative water content and canopy temperature and subsequently more yield was observed than the other two planting dates, so choosing the optimal planting date (26 December) and early mature Goldasht cultivar can play an important role in improving yield of safflower under late-season water stress conditions in Sothern Iran.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
 
Abdalla, M.M., El-Khoshiban, N.H., 2007. The influence of water stress on growth, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, some metabolic and hormonal contents of two Triticum aestivum cultivars. Journal of Applied Science Research. 3, 2062-2074.
Aebi, H., 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105, 121-126.
Akbari, S., Kafi, M., Rezvan Beidokhti, S., 2016. The effects of drought stress on yield, yield components and antioxidant of two garlic (Allium sativum L.) ecotypes with different planting densities. Journal of Agroecology. 1, 95-106. [In Persian with English Summary].
Amini, Z., Haddad, R., 2012. Role of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes againstoxidative stress. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Research (Iran Biology Journal. 3, 251-265. [In Persian with English Summary].
Arnon, A.N., 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Journal of Agronomy. 23, 112-121.
Arvin, P., Vafabakhsh, J., Mazaheri, D., 2017. Study of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and drought on physiological traits and ultimate yield of cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica spp. L.). Journal of Agroecology. 4, 1208-1226. [In Persian with English Summary]
Azad Bakht, F., Ahmadi, K., Omidi, H., 2017. Effect of late season drought stress on seed germination indices and photosynthetic pigments of native root genotypes (Carthamus tinctrorius L.) safflower. Crop Physiology. 32, 75-90. [In Persian with English Summary].
Balota, M., Payne, W.A., Evett, S.R., Lazar, M.D., 2007. Canopy temperature depression sampling to assess grain yield and genotypic differentiation in winter wheat. Crop Science Journal. 47, 1518–1529.
Barrsu, H.D., Weatherley, P.E., 1962. Are-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficits in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Science. 15, 413-4280.
Blum, A., 2011. Plant breeding for water-limited environments. Springer Pub. 254 pp.
Daneshmand, A.R., Shirani Rad, A.H., Ardakani, M.R., 2006. Evaluation of water deficit stress on tolerance of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes. Journal of Agriculture Science. 1, 48-60.
Esmaili Monza, A., Omidi, H., Bastani. A.A., 2013. Influence of drought stress on yield and yield components, proline, photosynthetic pigments and leaf relative water of several safflower genotypes. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 2, 187-196. [In Persian with English Summary].
Farrokhania, M., Rushdie, M., Pasban Eslam, B., Sasandoost, R., 2011. Investigation of some physiological characteristics and spring saffloweryield under water deficit stress. Journal of Crop Sciences, 42, 545-553. [In Persian with English Summary].
Flemmer, A.C., Franchini, M.C., Lindstrom, L.I., 2015. Description of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) phonological growth stages according to the extended BBCH scale. Annals of Applied Biology. 166, 331-339.
Garsid, A., 2004. Sowing time effects on the development, yield and oil of flaxseed in semi-arid tropical. Australian Journal of Production in Agriculture. 23, 607-612.
Grimes, D., Yamada, H., Hughes, S., 1987. Climate-normalized cotton leaf water potentials for irrigation scheduling. Agricultural Water Management 12, 293-304.
Gunes, A., Cicek, N., Inal, A., Alpaslan, M., Eraslan, F., Guneri, E., Guzelordu, T., 2006. Genotypic response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars to drought stress implemented at pre-and post anthesis stages and its relations with nutrient uptake and efficiency. Plant, Soil and Environment. 52, 868-876.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Alam, M., Roychowdhury, R., Fujita, M., 2013. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 5, 9643-9684.
Hassanpour Lescokelaye, K., Ahmadi, J., Daneshyan, J., Hatami, S., 2013. Changes in chlorophyll, protein and antioxidant enzymes on durum wheat under drought stress. Journal of Crop Breeding. 15, 76-87. [In Persian with English Summary].
Hayat, S., Hayat, Q., Irfan, M., Ahmad, A., 2010. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: A review. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 1, 14-25.
Hosseinzadeh, S.R., Amiri, H., Ismaili, A., 2016. Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Photosynthetica. 54, 87-92. [In Persian with English Summary].
Hui-Ping, D., Chan-juan, Sh., An-Zhi, W., Tuxi, Y., 2012. Leaf senescence and photosynthesis in foxtail (Setaria italica L.) varieties exposed to drought conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2, 232-237.
Hussain, M.I., Dionyssia-Angeliki, L., Farooq, M., Nikoloudakis, N., Khalid, N., 2015. Salt and drought stresses in safflower: a review. Agricultural Sustainable Development. 36, 1–31.
Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, M., Al-Juburi, H.J., Somasundaram, R., Panneerselvam, R., 2009. Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal Agriculture Biology. 11, 100-105.
Karimzadeh Soureshjani, H., Emam, Y., Moori, S., 2013. Effect of post-anthesis drought stress on yield, yield components and canopy temperature of bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 1, 38-56. [In Persian with English Summary].
Khichar, M.L., Niwas, R., 2006. Microclimatic profiles under different sowing environments in wheat. Journal Agronomy. 8, 201-209.
Li, T., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., 2010. Stable expression of Arabidopsis vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene AtNHX1 and salt tolerance in transgenic soybean for over six generations. Chinese Science. 55, 1127-1134.
Lin, C.C., Kao, C.H., 2006. Abscisic acid induced changes in cell wall peroxidase activity and hydrogen peroxide level in roots of rice seedlings. Plant Science. 2, 323-329.
Liu, F., Andersen, M.N., Jensen, C.R., 2004. Root signal controls pod growth in drought stressed soybean during the critical, abortionsensitive phase of pod development. Field Crop Research. 85, 159-166. DOI: 10.1016/S0378- 4290(03)00164-3
Lovelli, S., Perniola, M., Ferrara, A., Di Tommaso, T., 2007. Yield response factor to water use efficiency of Carthamus tinctorius L. and Solanum melongena L. Agriculture Water Management. 92, 73–80.
Mohtashami, F., Tadayon, M.R., Roshandel, R., 2018. Evaluation of the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on grain yield and yield components of safflower genotypes. Journal of Agricultural Crops Production. 2, 547-561.
Moradbeigi, L., Gholami, A., Shirani Rad, A.H., Abbasdokht, H., Asghari, H.R., 2019. Effect of Drought Stress and Delay Cultivation on Grain Yield, Oil Yield and Fatty Acids Composition in Canola. Journal Agricultural science and Sustainable Production. 2, 136-151. [In Persian with English Summary].
Navabpour, S., Ramezanpour, S.S., Mazandarani, A., 2015. Evaluation of enzymatic and non enzymatic defense mechanism in response to drought stress during growth stage in soybean. Technology of Crops Productions. 2, 39-52. [In Persian with English Summary].
Oz, M., 2016. Relationship between sowing time, variety, and quality in safflower.  Journal of Chemistry 23, 94-103.
Pasban Eslam, B., 2018. Effect of planting date on reducing growth period of spring safflower cultivars in Tabriz cold and semi-arid climate. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 4, 851-860. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rahbarian, R., Khavari-Nejad, R., Ganjeali, A., Bagheri, A., Najafi, F., Roshanfekr, M., 2012. Use of biochemical indices and antioxidant enzymes as a screening technique for drought tolerance in Chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research. 7, 5372-5380. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rashidi, S.H., Shirani Rad, A.M., Ayene Band, A., Javidfar, F., Lak, S.H., 2012. Study of relationship between drought stress tolerances with some physiological parameters in canola genotypes Brassica napus L. Annals of Biological Research. 1, 564-569. [In Persian with English Summary].
Reda, F., Mandoura, H.M.H., 2011. Response of enzymes activities, photosynthetic pigments, proline to low or high temperature stressed wheat plant in the presence or absence of exogenous proline or cysteine. International Journal Academic Research. 3, 108-115.
Royo, C., Villegas, D., Garcia del Moral, L.F., Elhani, S., Aparicio, N., Rharrabti, Y., Araus, J.L., 2002. Comparative performance of carbon isotope discrimination and canopy temperature depression as predictors of genotypes differences in durum wheat yield in Spain. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53, 561–569.
Safara, N., Moradi Telavat, M.R., Siadat, S.A., Koochakzadeh, A., Mousavi, S.H., 2016. Effect of sowing date and sulfur on yield, oil content and grain nitrogen of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in autumn cultivation. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 3, 438-448. [In Persian with English Summary].
Sahu, J., Thakur, N.S., 2016. Response of date of sowing on yield and yield attributes of safflower cultivars. An International Quarterly Journal of life Sciences. 1, 503-507.
Salehi Shanjani P., Izadpanah M., Falah Hoseini L., Ramezani Yeganeh M., Rasoulzadeh L., Kavandi A., Sardabi F., Pahlevani M.R., Amirkhani M., Seyedian S.E., 2015. Comparison of the effects of drought stress on pigments, peroxidase, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymes in different accessions of Anthemis tinctoria and Tripleurospermum servanes of natural resources gene bank of Iran. Journal of Crops Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 1, 126-139. [In Persian with English Summary].
Salehi, F., Rahnama Ghahfarokhi, A., Meskarbashee, M., Mehdikhanlou, K., 2019. Effect of terminal heat stress on some agronomic, physiological and oil yield traits of safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Ahvaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 3, 491-502. [In Persian with English Summary].
Santosa, C., 2004. Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Scientia Horticulturae. 103, 93-99.
Sirous Mehr, A., Bardel, J., Mohammadi, S., 2014. Changes of germination properties, photosynthetic pigments and anti oxidant enzymes activity of safflower as affected by drought and salinity stresses. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 4, 517 -534. [In Persian with English Summary].
Taheri, S.H., Gholami, A., Abbasdokht, H., Makarian, H., 2017. Alleviation of water deficit stress effects on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars by seed priming. Journal of Agricultural Crops Production. 2, 478-502. [In Persian with English Summary].
Wen-zhong, Z, Ya-dong, H., Hong-juan, D., 2007. Relationship between canopy temperature at flowering stage and soil water content, yield components in rice. Rice Science. 1, 67-70.
Zhou, R., Yu, X., Ottosen, C.O., Rosenqvist, E., Zhao, L., Wang, Y., Wu, Z., 2017. Drought   stress had a predominant effect over heat stress on three tomato cultivars subjected to combined stress. BMC Plant Biology. 17, 24-33.
Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences
Volume 14, Issue 3
Open Access Policy
September 2021
Pages 605-618
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 16 February 2020
  • Revise Date: 04 April 2020
  • Accept Date: 08 April 2020
Share
How to cite
Statistics